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  Curriculum Vitae
Professional
Education:
B.S., 1973 - Physiology, University of California,
Davis, CA
Ph.D., 1977 - Physiology, minor in
Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA
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Employment History:
2008 - present:
Professor, The Scripps Research Institute,
Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department
1989 - 2008:
Associate Professor (with tenure), The Scripps Research
Institute,
Department of Neuropharmacology, La Jolla CA
1983 - 1989:
Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic,
Department of Neuropharmacology, La Jolla CA
1979 - 1983:
Senior Research Associate, Arthur Vining Davis Center for
Behavioral Neurobiology,
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA
1977 - 1979:
University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Anatomy
and Brain Research Institute, Postdoctoral Fellow, Los Angeles,
CA
1973 - 1977:
University of California, Davis, Departments of Physiology
and Pharmacology,
Predoctoral fellow, Davis, CA
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University Appointments:
Professor of Psychiatry (adjunct),
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Professor of
Psychiatry (adjunct), University of California, San Diego,
CA
Professor of Neurology (adjunct),
University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Honors/Awards:
Citation for outstanding performance
in Physiology, UC Davis
Giannini Foundation Fellow, UCLA
Klingenstein
Foundation Fellow, The Salk Institute
Research Scientist
Development Awards, NIAAA
Research Scientist,
MacArthur Foundation Network on the Psychobiology of Depression
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Societies:
Fellow, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Research Society
on Alcoholism
Society for Neuroscience
Society for Biological
Psychiatry
International
Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism
International
Society for Psychoneuroendocrinology ( scientific secretariat,
1997)
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Advisory Board Memberships:
NIAAA council 2007-2010
Extramural Advisory Board Member NIAAA 2004-present.
Steering Committee member National Advisory Board on Underage Drinking 2004-present.
Board of Directors, Research Society for Alcoholism, 1999-2002.
Scientific Advisory Board for the Alcohol Research Center University of North Carolina, Skipper Bowles Center 1997-present
Scientific Advisory Board Alcohol Research Center Howard University 2004-present.
Scientific Advisory Board Alcohol Research Center UC Berkeley CA 2004-present.
Chair: Education & Training Committee , ACNP, 1998,1999
Member, Committee on Social Outcomes, San Diego Foundation 1998-2000.
Member, program committee ACNP 2000-2003
Chairman, Awards Committee RSA, 2000-present.
Consultant, Native American Graves protection and repatriation committee, culture and language retention committee, Luiseno nation-inter tribal coalition, 1998-present.
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Journal
Associate Editorships:
Alcoholism: Clinical Experimental
Research
Biological Psychiatry
Critical Reviews
in Neurobiology
Depression and
Anxiety
Neuropsychopharmacology
Current
Research Support:
NIAAA
Research Grant RO1 AA010201. CL Ehlers, PI: Risk Factors
for Alcoholism in Native Americans.
NIAAA
Research Center Grant AA006420. GF Koob PI, CL Ehlers,
Co-PI, CL Ehlers: component project, Risk and Protective
Factors for alcoholism in Hispanic Americans.
NIAAA
Research Grant RO1 AA006059. CL Ehlers, PI: EEG and ERP
Measures of Alcohol's Effects.
NIAAA Research Grant U01016479 . CL Ehlers,
Co-I: Preventing Underage Drinking by Southwest California Indians: Building Capacity.
I.
Dr. Ehlers Publications
Dr. Ehlers does translational research
(basic science to clinical). She has worked in the area
of Epilepsy, Depression and substance abuse. She has also
done basic research in sleep and electrophysiology. Listed
below are headings for the general areas in which she has
published. Publications in these areas are listed after
the headings. For copies of reprints of any of these publications
please email Shirley Sanchez (ssanchez@scripps.edu)
the administrative assistant for the laboratory of translational
neuropharmacology.
II.
Research Areas:
A. Translational
Studies in Epilepsy Research
1. Studies in Animal Models
2. Studies in Patients with Seizure Disorders |
B.
Translational Studies in Neurophysiology
1. Animal Models of ERPs
2. Using Non-linear Dynamics and Chaos Theory to Evaluate
the Human EEG
3. Basic Studies in EEG
4. Clinical Studies in EEG and ERPs |
C. Translational
Studies in Sleep and Affective Disorder
1. Studies in Animal Models
of Sleep and Depression
2. Clinical Studies in Sleep and Depression
|
D. Translational
Studies in Alcoholism
1. Studies in
Animal Models of Alcoholism
2. Clinical Studies in Alcoholism: |
a) Studies in High Risk Young
Adult EuroAmericans
b) Studies in Asian Americans
c) Studies in African Americans
d) Studies in Native Americans
e) Studies in Hispanic Americans
f) Studies in Sleep and Alcoholism |
E. Translational
Studies in the Toxic Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs
on Development Studies in Animal Models
1. Studies in Animal Models
of Fetal Alcohol/Nicotine Syndrome
2. Animal Models of Adolescent Drug Exposure
3. Clinical Studies in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
4. Clinical Studies in Human Adolescent Drug Exposure |
III.
Research Publications
A. Translational
Studies in Epilepsy Research
| 1.
Studies in Animal Models |
a) Ehlers CL, Killam EK.
The influence of cortisone on EEG and seizure activity
in the baboon Papio papio. Electroencephalograph Clin
Neurophysiol 47:404-410,1979.
b) Ehlers CL, Killam EK. Circadian periodicities in
brain activity and urinary excretion in the epileptic
baboon. Am J Physiol 239:35-41, 1980.
c) Ehlers CL, Mulbry LW, Killam EK. EEG and anticonvulsant
effects of dipropylacetic acid and dipropylacetamide
in the baboon Papio papio. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 49:391-400, 1980.
d) Ehlers CL, Clifton DK, Sawyer CH. Facilitation
of amygdala kindling in the rat by transecting ascending
noradrenergic pathways. Brain Res 189:274-278, 1980.
e) Ehlers CL, Clifton DK, Sawyer CH. Amygdala kindling
during pregnancy in the rat. Physiol Behav 25:599-601,
1980.
f) Ehlers CL, Henriksen SJ, Bloom FE. Levonantradol
potentiates the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam
and valproic acid in the kindling model of epilepsy.
J Clin Pharmacol 21:406S-412S, 1981.
g) Ehlers CL, Killam EK. The effects of constant light
on brain activity and urine cortisol rhythms in the
epileptic baboon. Electroencephalograph Clin Neurophysiol 54:187-193, 1982.
h) Ehlers CL, Koob GF, Bloom FE. Post-ictal locomotor
activity three different rat models of epilepsy. Brain
Res 250:178-182, 1982.
i) Schwartz JM, Ehlers CL, Detmer WM, Bloom FE. Amygdala
kindling following middle cerebral artery ligation
in the rat. Exp Neurology 80:484-490, 1983.
j) Ehlers CL, Henriksen SJ, Wang M, Rivier JE, Vale
W, Bloom FE. Corticotropin releasing factor produces
increases in brain excitability and convulsive seizures
in rats. Brain Res 278:332-336, 1983.
k) Ehlers CL, Koob GF. Locomotor behavior following
kindling in three different brain sites. Brain Res 326:71-79, 1985. |
2.
Studies in Patients with Seizure Disorders |
a) Ehlers CL, Walton NY,
Floyd R, Wang M, McCutchen CB. EEG spectra following
phenytoin infusion in seizure patients. Clin Electroencephalograph 15:173-177, 1984.
b) Mungus D, Ehlers CL, Walton NY, McCuchen CB. Verbal
learning differences in epileptic patients with left
and right temporal lobe foci. Epilepsia 26:340-345,
1985. |
B.
Translational Studies in Neurophysiology
| 1.
The Development and Description of Animal Models of
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) |
a) Ehlers CL, Wall TL, Chaplin
RI. Long latency event-related potentials in rats:
Effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic depletions.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 38:789-793, 1991.
b) Ehlers CL, Chaplin RI. Long latency event related
potentials in rats: The effects of changes in stimulus
parameters and neurochemical lesions. J Neural Trans 88:61-75, 1992.
c) Ehlers CL, Kaneko WM, Robledo P, Lopez A. Long
latency event-related potentials in rats: Effects
of task and stimulus parameters. Neuroscience 62:759-769,
1994.
d) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Lopez A, Robledo P. Long Latency
event-related potentials in rats: Response of amygdala,
nucleus accumbens, dorsal hippocampus and frontal
cortex to changes in reward characteristics of conditioned
stimuli. Brain Res 780:138-142, 1998.
e) Robledo P, Somes, C, Winkler J, Thal LJ, Ehlers
CL. Long latency event-related potentials in rats:
Effects of nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions.
Int J Neurosci 96:23-44, 1999.
f) Ehlers CL, Somes C. Long Latency Event Related
Potentials in Mice: Effects of Stimulus characteristics
and strain. Brain Res 138:117-128, 2002. |
2.
Using Non-linear Dynamics and Chaos Theory to Evaluate
the Human EEG |
a) Ehlers CL, Havstad JW.
Characterization of drug effects on the EEG by power
spectral band time series analysis. Psychopharmacol
Bull 18:43-47, 1982.
b) Ehlers CL, Havstad JW, Garfinkel A, Kupfer DJ.
Non-linear analysis of EEG sleep states. Neuropsychopharmacol 5:167-176, 1991.
c) Havstad JW, Ehlers CL. Attractor dimension of non-stationary
dynamical systems from small data sets. Physical Rev 39:845-853, 1989.
d) Ehlers CL. The new physics of chaos: Can it help
us to understand the effects of alcohol? Alcohol
Health Res World 16:267-272, 1992.
e) Ehlers CL, Havstad JW, Schuckit MA. EEG dimension
in the sons of alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19:992-998,
1995.
f) Ehlers CL. Chaos and complexity: Can it help us
to understand mood and behavior? Arch Gen Psychiat 52:960-964, 1995.
g) Ehlers CL, Havstad JW, Prichard D, Theiler J. Low
doses of ethanol reduce evidence for nonlinear structure
in brain activity. J Neurosci 18:7474-7486, 1998.
|
C.
Translational Studies in Sleep and Affective Disorders
| 1.
Studies in Animal Models of Sleep and Depression |
a) Ehlers CL, Indik JH, Koob
GF, Bloom FE. The effect of single and repeated electroconvulsive
shock (ECS) on locomotor activity in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharm
Biol Psychiatry 7:217-222, 1983.
b) Ehlers CL, Russo PV, Mandell AJ, Bloom FE. Architecture
of rat nocturnal locomotion: A predictive descriptor
of the effects of antidepressant and antimanic treatments.
Psychopharmacol Bull 19:692-695, 1983.
c) Ehlers CL, Koob GF. The effects of chronic lithium
on the EEG and locomotor response to drug challenge
in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiatry 9:133-142,
1985.
d) Ehlers CL, Reed TK, Wang M, Lebrun CJ, Koob GF.
EEG effects of subcutaneous and intracerebroventricular
injections of arginine vasopressin in the rat. Psychopharmacol 87:430-433, 1985.
e) Ehlers CL. EEG stability following corticotropin
releasing factor in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinol 11:121-125,
1986.
f) Ehlers CL, Reed TK, Henriksen SJ. Effects of corticotropin
releasing factor and growth hormone-releasing factor
on sleep and activity in rats. Neuroendocrinol 42:467-474,
1986.
g) Wehrenberg W, Ehlers CL. The effects of growth
hormone releasing factor on the brain. Science 232:1271-1272,
1986.
h) Ehlers CL, Lopez AL, Chaplin RI. Chronic lithium
and desmethylimipramine modulation of locomotor response
to growth hormone releasing factor in rats. Psychopharmacol
Bull 22:991-994, 1986.
i) Ehlers CL, Kupfer DJ. Hypothalamic peptide modulation
of EEG sleep in depression: A further application
of the S-process hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry 22:513-517,
1987.
j) Ehlers CL, Chaplin RI, Koob GF. Antidepressants
modulate the CNS effects of corticotropin releasing
factor in rats. Med Science Res 15:719-720, 1987.
k) Ehlers CL, Kaneko WM, Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Effects
of gender and social isolation on EEG and neuroendocrine
parameters in the rat. Biol Psychiatry 33:358-366,
1993.
l) Ehlers CL, Chaplin RI, Kaneko WM. Effects of chronic
corticosterone treatment on electrophysiological and
behavioral measures in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinol 17:691-699, 1993.
m) Kaneko WM, Riley EP, Ehlers CL. Behavioral and
electrophysiological effects of early repeated maternal
separation. Depression 2:43-53, 1994.
n) Kaneko, WM, Riley EP, Ehlers CL. Effects of artificial
rearing on electrophysiology and behavior in adult
rats. Depression 4:279-288, 1997.
o) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Lopez A, Kirby D, Rivier JE.
Electrophysiological actions of neuropeptide Y and
its analogs: New measures for anxiolytic therapy?
Neuropsychopharmacol 17:34-43 1997.
p) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Seifritz E, Rivier JE. CRF/NPY
Interactions: A potential role in sleep dysregulation
in depression and anxiety? Depression and Anxiety 6:1-9, 1997.
q) Seifritz E, Klemfuss H, Montes JM, Britton DT,
Ehlers CL. The effects of Corticotropin releasing
factor on Circadian Locomotor rhythm in the golden
hamster. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 60:855-862, 1998.
r) Jimenez-Vasquez PA, Mathe AA, Thomas JD, Riley
EP, Ehlers CL. Early maternal separation alters neuropeptide
Y concentrations in selected brain regions in adult
rats. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 131(1-2):149-52,
2001. |
2.
Clinical Studies in Sleep and Depression |
a) Atkinson JH, Kremer EF,
Risch SC, Morgan CD, Azad RF, Ehlers CL, Bloom FE.
Plasma measures of beta-endorphin/ beta-lipotropin-like
immunoreactivity in chronic pain syndrome and psychiatric
subjects. Psychiatr Res 9:319-327, 1983.
b) Risch SC, Ehlers CL, Janowsky DS, Judd L, Gillin
JC, Dana R, McAdams LA. Human growth hormone releasing
factor infusion effects on plasma growth hormone in
affective disorder patients and normal controls. Peptides 9:45-48, 1988.
c) Ehlers CL, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. Social zeitgebers
and biological rhythms: A unified approach to understanding
the etiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45:948-952,
1988.
d) Kupfer DJ, Reynolds CF III, Ehlers CL. Comparison
of EEG sleep measures among depressive subtypes and
controls in older individuals. Psychiatr Res 27:13-21,
1989.
e) Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Ehlers CL. EEG sleep in young
depressives: First and second night effects. Biol
Psychiatry 25:87-97, 1989.
f) Ehlers CL, Kupfer DJ. Effects of age on delta and
REM sleep parameters. Electroencephalograph Clin Neurophysiol 72:118-125, 1989.
g) Kupfer DJ, Ehlers CL. Two roads to REM latency. Arch Gen Psychiat 46:945-948, 1989.
h) Kupfer DJ, Ehlers CL, Pollock BG, Nathan RS, Perel
JM. Clomipramine and EEG sleep in depression. Psychiat
Res 30:165-180, 1989.
i) Kupfer DJ, Jarrett DB, Ehlers CL. The effect of
GRF on the EEG sleep of normal males. Sleep 14:87-88,
1991.
j) Kupfer DJ, Ehlers CL, Frank E, Grochocinski VJ,
McEachran AB. EEG sleep profiles in recurrent depression.
Biol Psychiatry 30:641-655, 1991.
k) Mungas D, Ehlers CL. Age differences in recall
and information processing in verbal and spatial learning.
Can J Aging 10:320-332, 1991.
l) Kupfer DJ, Jarrett DB, Ehlers CL. The effect of
SRIF on the EEG sleep of normal men. Psychoneuroendocrinol 17:37-43, 1992.
m) Buysee DJ, Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Monk TH, Ritenour
A, Ehlers CL. Electroencephalographic sleep studies
in depressed outpatients treated with interpersonal
psychotherapy. I. Baseline studies in responders and
nonresponders. Psychiat Res 40:13-26, 1992.
n) Kupfer DJ, Ehlers CL, Frank E, Grochocinski V,
McEachran AB, Buhari A. Electroencephalographic sleep
studies in depressed patients during long-term recovery. Psychiatr Res 49:121-138, 1993.
o) Kupfer DJ, Frank E. Ehlers CL, Grochoncinski VJ,
McEachran AB, Buhari A. EEG sleep correlates of recurrence
of depression on active medication. Depression 1:300-308,
1993.
p) Ehlers CL, Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Monk TH. Biological
rhythms and depression: The role of Zeitgebers and
zeitstorers. Depression 1:285-293, 1994.
q) Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Ehlers CL, Monk TH, Cornes
C, Carter S, Frankel D. Interpersonal and social rhythm
therapy for bipolar disorder: Integrating Interpersonal
and behavioral approaches. The Behavior Therapist 17:143-149, 1994.
r) Kupfer DJ, Pollock BG, Perel JM, Miewald JM, Grochocinski
VJ, Ehlers CL. Effects of pulse loading with clomipramine
on EEG sleep. Psychiat Res 54:161-175, 1994.
s) Kupfer DJ, Ehlers CL, Frank E, Grochoncinski VJ,
McEachran AB, Buhari A. Persistent effects of antidepressants:
EEG sleep studies in depressed patients during maintenance
treatment. Biol Psychiatry 35:781-793, 1994.
t) Parry BL, Ehlers CL, Mostofi N, Phillips E. Personality
traits in LLPDD and normal controls during follicular
and luteal menstrual cycle phases. Psychological Med 26:197-202, 1996.
u) Ehlers CL, Havstad JW, Kupfer DJ. Estimation of
the time course of slow-wave sleep over the night
in depressed patients: effects of clomipramine and
clinical response. Biol Psychiatry 39:171-181, 1996.
v) Ehlers CL, Kupfer DJ. Slow wave sleep: Do young
adult men and women age differently? J Sleep Res 6:211-215,
1997.
w) Ehlers CL, Kupfer DJ, Buysse DJ, Cluss PA, Miewald
JM, Bisson EF, Grochocinski VJ. The Pittsburgh study
of Normal Sleep: Focus on the relationship between
waking and sleeping EEG spectral patterns. Electroencephalograph
Clin Neurophysiol 106:199-205, 1998. |
D.
Translational Studies in Alcoholism
| 1.
Studies in Animal Models of Alcoholism |
a) Melia KF, Ehlers CL, Lebrun
CJ, Koob GF. Post-learning ethanol effects on a water-finding
task in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 24:1813-1815,
1986.
b) Ehlers CL, Reed TK. Ethanol effects on EEG spectra
in monkeys: comparison to morphine and diazepam. Electroencephalograph
Clin Neurophysiol 66:317-321, 1987.
c) Ehlers CL, Chaplin RI. Chronic ethanol exposure
potentiates the locomotor activating effects of corticotropin-releasing
factor (CRF) in rats. Reg Peptides 19:345-353, 1987.
d) Thatcher-Britton K, Ehlers CL, Koob GF. Is ethanol
antagonist RO15-4513 selective for ethanol? Science 239:648-650, 1988.
e) Ehlers CL. ERP responses to ethanol and diazepam
administration in squirrel monkeys. Alcohol 5:315-320,
1988.
f) Ehlers CL. EEG and ERP responses to naloxone and
ethanol in monkeys. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiatry 13:217-228, 1989.
g) Melia KF, Ehlers CL. Signal detection analysis
of ethanol effects on a complex conditional discrimination.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 33:581-584 1989.
h) Ehlers CL, Chaplin RI, Koob GF. EEG effects of
Ro 15-4513 and FG 7142 alone and in combination with
ethanol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 36:607-611, 1990.
i) Melia KF, Koob GF, Ehlers CL. Ethanol effects on
delayed spatial matching as modeled by a negative
exponential forgetting function. Psychopharmacol 102:391-398,
1990.
j) Ehlers CL, Chaplin BS, Lumeng L, Li T-K. Electrophysiological
response to ethanol in P and NP rats. Alcohol Clin
Exp Res 15:739-744, 1991.
k) Ehlers CL, Chaplin RI. EEG and ERP response to
chronic ethanol exposure in rats. Psychopharmacol
104:67-74, 1991.
l) Robledo P, Kaneko W, Ehlers CL. Combined effects
of ethanol and MK 801 on locomotor activity in the
rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 39:513-516, 1991.
m) Ehlers CL, Chaplin RI, Wall TL, Lumeng, Li T-K,
Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Corticotropin releasing factor
(CRF) Studies in alcohol-preferring and nonpreferring
rats. Psychopharmacol 106:359-364, 1992.
n) Ehlers CL, Kaneko WM, Wall TL, Chaplin RI. Effects
of dizocilpine (MK-801) and ethanol on the EEG and
event-related potentials (ERPS) in rats. Neuropharmacol 31:369-378, 1992.
o) Vargas MA, Bissette G, Owens MJ, Ehlers CL, Nemeroff
CB. Effects of chronic ethanol and benzodiazepine
treatment and withdrawal on CRF neural systems. Ann
NY Acad Sci 654:145-152, 1992.
p) Robledo P, Lumeng L, Li T-K, Ehlers CL. Effects
of oral ethanol self-administration on the EEG of
alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. Psychopharmacol 113:60-66, 1993.
q) Robledo P, Lumeng L, Li T-K, Ehlers CL. Effects
of MK 801 and diazepam on the EEG of P and NP rats.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 18:363-368, 1994.
r) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Cloutier D. Are some of the
effects of ethanol mediated through NPY? Psychopharmacol 139:136-144, 1998.
s) Ehlers CL, Li TK, Lumeng L, Hwang B, Somes C, Jimenez
P, Mathe AA. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in ethanol-naive
alcohol preferring and non-preferring rats and in
Wistars following ethanol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp
Res 22:1778-1782, 1998.
t) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Lumeng L, Li TK. Electrophysiological
response to neuropeptide Y (NPY) in alcohol naive
preferring and non-preferring rats. Pharmacol Biochem
Behav 63(2):291-299, 1999.
u) Slawecki CJ, Walpole T, Somes C, Li T-K, Ehlers
CL. Differences in neurophysiological indices of associative
learning in alcohol preferring and non-preferring
rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23(5): 828-834, 1999.
v) Slawecki CJ, Somes C, Rivier JE, Ehlers CL. Neurophysiological
effects of intracerebroventricular administration
of urocortin. Peptides 20:211-218, 1999.
w) Slawecki CJ, Somes C, Ehlers CL. Effects of chronic
ethanol exposure on neurophysiological responses to
CRF and NPY. Alcohol Alcohol 34: 289-299, 1999.
x) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Li TK, Lumeng L, Kinkead B,
Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Neurotensin (NT) studies in
alcohol naive, preferring and nonpreferring rats.
Neuroscience 93(1)227-236, 1999.
y) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Li TK, Lumeng L, Hwang B, Jimenez
P, Mathe AA. Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)
levels and alcohol. Int J Neuropsychoparmacol 2:173-179,
1999.
z) Hwang BH, Zhang J-K, Ehlers CL, Lumeng L, Li TK.
Innate differences in Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in hypothalamic
nuclei and central nucleus of the amygdala between
selectively bred rats with high and low alcohol preference.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23(6) 1023-1030, 1999.
aa) Ehlers CL, Slawecki CJ. Effects of chronic ethanol
exposure on sleep in rats. Alcohol 20(2):173-179,
2000.
bb) Slawecki CJ, Somes C, Ehlers CL. Effects of prolonged
ethanol exposure on neurophysiological measures during
an associative learning paradigm. Alcohol Drug Depend 58: 125-132, 2000.
cc) Slawecki C.J., Jimenez-Vasquez PA, Mathe AA, Ehlers
CL. Decreased substance P and neurokinin A levels
in the cortex and hypothalamus of alcohol-preferring
(P) rats. J Stud Alcohol 62: 736-740, 2002.
dd) Katner SN, Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. NPY administration
into the amygdala does not effect ethanol consumption.
Alcohol 28: 29-38 2002.
ee) Robledo P, Kaneko WM, Ehlers CL. Effects of neurotensin
on EEG and event-related potentials in the rat. Psychopharmacol 118:410-418, 1995.
ff) Slawecki CJ, Walpole T, Purdy RH, Ehlers CL. Comparison
of the neurophysiological effects of allopregnanolone
and ethanol. Psychopharmacology 149: 351-359, 2000.
gg) Slawecki CJ, Betancourt, M, Walpole T, Ehlers
CL. Increases in sucrose drinking but not ethanol
drinking, following ICV NPY administration. Pharmacol
Biochem Behav 66: 591-594, 2000.
hh) Slawecki CJ, Walpole T, Purdy RH, Li T-K, Ehlers
CL. Effects of allopregnanolone on the EEG of alcohol
preferring and Non-preferring rats. Alcohol Clin Exp
Res 1369-1375, 2000.
ii) Slawecki CJ, Betancourt M, Li TK, Ehlers CL. Relationship
of neurophysiological measures to alcohol drinking
in High Alcohol drinking (HAD) and Low Alcohol Drinking
(LAD) rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24: 1492-1499, 2001.
jj) Katner SN, Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. Neuropeptide
Y administration into the Third Ventricle does not
increase sucrose or ethanol self-administration but
does alter EEG and food intake. Psychopharmacology . 160(2):146-54, 2002.
kk) Katner SN, Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. Neurophysiological
profiles of replicate line 2 High- Alcohol Drinking
(HAD) and Low-Alcohol-Drinking (LAD) rats. Alcohol
Clin Exp Res 26:1669-1677, 2002.
ll) Slawecki CJ, Grahame NJ, Roth J, Katner SN, Ehlers
CL. EEG and ERP profiles in the High alcohol preferring
(HAP) and Low alcohol preferring (LAP) mice: Relationship
to ethanol preference. Brain Res 961:243-254, 2003.
mm) Slawecki CJ, Purdy RH,Ehlers CL. Electrophysiological
effects of allopregnanolone in rats with a history
of ethanol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:66-74, 2005.
nn) Slawecki CJ, Thorsell A, Ehlers CL. Antagonism of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors does not inhibit ethanol’s effects on cortical EEG and ERPs in Wistar rats. J Stud Alcohol 66:559-566, 2005.
oo) Thorsell A, Slawecki CJ, and Ehlers CL. Effects of neuropeptide Y and corticotropin releasing factor on ethanol intake in Wistar rats: interaction with chronic ethanol exposure. Behav Brain Res 161: 133-140, 2005.
pp) Thorsell A, Slawecki CJ, and Ehlers CL. Effects of neuropeptide Y on appetitive and consummatory behaviors associated with alcohol drinking in Wistar rats with a history of ethanol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:584-590, 2005.
qq) Thorsell A, Slawecki CJ, Khoury A, Mathé AA, Ehlers CL. Effect of social isolation on ethanol consumption and substance P/Neurokinin expression in Wistar rats. Alcohol 36:91-97, 2005.
rr) Slawecki CJ, Thorsell A, Ehlers CL. Antagonism of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptors does not inhibit ethanol’s effects on cortical EEG and ERPs in Wistar rats. J Stud Alcohol 66:559-566, 2005.
ss) Ehlers CL, Walker BM, Pian JP, Roth JL, Slawecki CJ. Increased alcohol drinking in isolate-housed alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Behav Neurosc 121(1):111-119, 2007
. |
2.
Clinical Studies in Alcoholism |
a)
Studies in High Risk Young Adult EuroAmericans
1. Ehlers CL, Schuckit
MA. EEG response to ethanol in sons of alcoholics.
Psychopharm Bull 24:434-437, 1988.
2. Ehlers CL, Wall TL, Schuckit MA. EEG spectral
characteristics following ethanol administration
in young men. Electroencephalograph Clin Neurophysiol 73:179-187, 1989.
3. Ehlers CL, Schuckit MA. EEG fast frequency
activity in the sons of alcoholics. Biol Psychiatry 27:631-641, 1990.
4. Ehlers CL, Schuckit MA. Evaluation of EEG
alpha activity in sons of alcoholics. Neuropsychopharmacol 4:199-205, 1991.
5. Ehlers CL, Phillips E, Parry BS. Elecrophysiological
findings during the menstrual cycle in women
with and without late luteal phase dysphoric
disorder: Relationship to risk for alcoholism?
Biol Psychiatry 39:720-732, 1996.
6. Orozco S, Ehlers CL. Gender differences
in electrophysiological responses to facial
stimuli. Biol Psychiatry 44:281-289, 1998.
7. Orozco S, Wall TL, Ehlers CL. Influence
of alcohol on electrophysiological responses
to facial stimuli: A pilot study. Alcohol 18:11-16, 1999. |
b) Studies
in Asian Americans
1. Wall TL, Thomasson
HR, Schuckit MA, Ehlers CL. Subjective feelings
of alcohol intoxication in Asians with genetic
variations of ALDH2 alleles. Alcohol Clin
Exp Res 16:911-99, 1992.
2. Wall TL, Gallen CC, Ehlers CL. Effects
of alcohol on the EEG in Asian men with
genetic variations of ALDH2. Biol Psychiat
34:91-99, 1993.
3. Wall TL, Nemeroff CB, Ritchie J, Ehlers
CL. Cortisol responses following placebo
and alcohol in Asians with different ALDH2
genotypes. J Stud Alcohol 55:207-213, 1994.
4. Mungas D, Ehlers CL, Wall TL. Effects
of acute alcohol administration on verbal
and spatial learning. Alcohol Alcohol 29:163-169,
1994.
5. Wall TL, Ehlers CL. Acute effects of
alcohol on P300 in Asians with different
ALDH2 genotypes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19:617-622,
1995.
6. Wall TL, Ehlers CL. Genetic Influences
affecting alcohol use among Asians. Alcohol
Health and Research World 19:184-189, 1995.
7. Wall TL, Thomasson H, Ehlers CL. Investigator-observed
flushing but not self-report of flushing
is a valid predictor of ALDH2 genotype.
J Stud Alcohol 57:267-272, 1996.
8. Wall TL, Peterson CM, Peterson KP, Johnson
M, Thomasson H, Cole M, Ehlers CL. Alcohol
metabolism in Asian American men with genetic
polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Ann Inter Med 127:376-379, 1997.
9. Cook TAR, Luczak SE, Shea SH, Ehlers CL, Carr LG, Wall TL. Associations of ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes with response to alcohol in Asian Americans. J Stud Alcohol 66:196-204, 2005. |
c) Studies
in African Americans
1. Ehlers CL,
Gilder DA, Harris L, Carr L. Association
of the ADH2*3 allele with a negative family
history of alcoholism in African American
young adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25:12,
1773-1777, 2001.
2. Ehlers CL, Carr LG, Betancourt M, Montane-Jaime
K. Association of the ADH2*3 allele with
greater alcohol expectancies in African
American young adults. J Stud Alcohol 64(2):176-181, 2003.
3. Ehlers CL, Phillips E. EEG low voltage
alpha and alpha power in African American
young adults: relation to family history
of alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27 (6) 765-772, 2003.
4. Ehlers CL, Phillips E, Sweeny A, Slawecki
CJ. ERP responses to alcohol-related stimuli
in African American young adults: Relation
to family history of alcoholism and drug
usage. Alcohol Alcohol 38(4):332-338,
2003.
5. Spence JP, Liang T, Eriksson CJP, Taylor
RE, Wall TL, Ehlers CL, Carr LG. Evaluation
of ALDH1 promotor polymorphisms identified
in human populations. Alcohol Clin Exp
Res 27(9):1389-94, 2003.
6) Montane-Jaime K, Moore S, Shafe S, Joseph R, Crooks H, Carr L, Ehlers CL. ADH1C*2 allele is associated with alcohol dependence and elevated liver enzymes in Trinidad and Tobago. Alcohol 39:81-86, 2006.
7). Ehlers CL, Montane-Jaime K, Moore S, Shafe S, Joseph R, Carr L. Association of the ADH1B*3 allele with alcohol related phenotypes in Trinidad. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31:216-220, 2007.
8. Moore S, Montane-Jaime K, Shafe S, Joseph R, Crooks H, Spence JP, Carr L, Ehlers CL. Association of ALDH1 promoter polymorphisms with alcohol-related phenotypes in Trinidad and Tobago. J Stud Alcohol 68(2):192-196, 2007. |
d) Studies
in Native Americans
(1) Wall TL,
Garcia-Andrade C, Thomasson HR, Cole M,
Ehlers CL. Alcohol elimination in Native
American Mission Indians: An investigation
of interindividual variation. Alcohol
Clin Exp Res 20:1159-1164, 1996.
(2) Garcia-Andrade C, Wall TL, Ehlers
CL. Alcohol expectancies in a Native American
population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20:1438-1442,
1996.
(3) Garcia-Andrade C, Wall TL, Ehlers
CL. The firewater myth and response to
alcohol in Mission Indians. Am J Psychiatry 154:983-987, 1997.
(4) Wall TL, Garcia-Andrade C, Thomasson
HR, Carr LG, Ehlers CL. Alcohol dehydrogenase
polymorphisms in Native Americans: Identification
of the ADH2*3 allele. Alcohol Alcohol 32:129-131, 1997.
(5) Ehlers CL, Garcia-Andrade C, Wall
TL, Cloutier D, Phillips E. Electroencephalographic
response to alcohol in Mission Indians.
Biol Psychiatry 45:776-787, 1999.
(6) Wall TL, Garcia-Andrade C, Wong V.,
Lau P, Ehlers CL. Parental history of
alcoholism and problem behaviors in Native
American children and adolescents. Alcohol
Clin Exp Res 24:30-34, 2000.
(7) Ehlers CL, Garcia-Andrade C, Wall
TL, Sobel DF, Phillips E. Determinants
of P300 amplitude and response to alcohol
in Native American Mission Indians. Neuropsychopharmacol 18:282-292, 1998.
(8) Ehlers CL, Wall TL, Garcia-Andrade
C, Phillips E. Effects of Age and Parental
History of Alcoholism on EEG Findings
in Native American Children and Adolescents.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25: 672-679, 2001.
(9) Ehlers CL, Wall TL,Garcia-Andrade
C, Phillips E. EEG Asymmetry and Risk
for Alcoholism in Mission Indian Children.
Biol Psychiatry 50:129-136, 2001.
(10) Ehlers CL, Wall TL, Garcia-Andrade
C, Phillips E. Auditory P3 findings in
Mission Indian youth. J Stud Alcohol 62:562-570, 2001.
(11) Ehlers CL, Wall TL, Garcia-Andrade
C, Phillips E. Visual P3 findings in Mission
Indian youth: relationship to family history
of alcohol dependence and behavioral problems.
Psychiatry Res 105:67-78, 2001.
(12) Gilder DA, Wall, TL, Ehlers CL. Psychiatric
diagnoses among Mission Indian children
with and without a parental history of
alcohol dependence. J Stud Alcohol 63:18-23,2002.
(13) Wall, TL, Carr LG, Ehlers CL. Genetic
variation in alcohol dehydrogenase: A
protective association with alcohol dependence
in Native American Mission Indians. Am
J Psychiatry 160:41-46,2003.
(14) Ehlers CL, Wall TL, Betancourt M,
Gilder D. Clinical course of alcoholism
in 243 Mission Indians. Am J Psychiatry 1(7):1204-1210,
2004.
(15) Ehlers CL, Gilder DA, Phillips E,
Wall TL, Feiler H, Wilhelmsen K. Genomic
screen for loci associated with alcoholism
in Mission Indians. Am J Med Genetics 129:110-15. 2004.
(16) Ehlers CL, Spence JP, Wall TL, Gilder
DA, and Carr LG. Association of ALDH1
promoter polymorphisms with alcohol-related
phenotypes in Mission Indians. Alcohol
Clin Exp Res 28(10):1481-1485, 2004.
(17) Ehlers CL, Wilhelmsen KC. Genomic
scan for alcohol craving in Mission Indians.
Psychiatric Genet 15:71-75, 2005.
(18) Gilder DA, Wall TL, Ehlers CL. Co-Morbidity
of select anxiety and affective disorders with alcohol
dependence in southwest Mission Indians. Alcohol
Clin Exp Res, 12:1805-1813, 2004.
(19) Wilhelmsen K, Ehlers CL. Heritibility
of substance abuse and alcohol symptoms
in a Native American population. Psychiatric
Genet 15:101-107, 2005.
(20) Ehlers CL, Wilhelmsen KC. Genomic screen for loci associated with tobacco usage in Mission Indians. BMC Medical Genetics 7:9, 2006.
(21) Ehlers CL, Wilhelmsen KC. Genomic screen for substance dependence and body mass index in Southwest California Indians. Genes Brain Behavior 2007 6(2):184-91. Published article online: 8-Jun-2006doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00246.x
(22) Ehlers CL, Hurst S, Phillips E, Gilder DA, Dixon M, Gross A, Lau P, Yehuda R. Electrophysiological responses to Affective stimuli in American Indians experiencing trauma with and without PTSD. NY Acad Sci 1071:125-136, 2006.
(23) Ehlers CL, Slutske W, Gilder DA, Lau P. Age of first marijuana use and the occurrence of marijuana use disorders in Southwest California Indians. Pharmacol Biochem Behavior 86(2):290-6, 2006.
(24) Ehlers CL, Slutske W, Gilder DA, Lau P, Wilhelmsen, KC. Age at first intoxication and alcohol use disorders in Southwest California Indians. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30:1856-1865, 2006.
(25) Venner KL, Wall TL, Lau P, Ehlers, CL. Testing of an orthogonal measure of cultural identification with adult Mission Indians. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 12:632-643, 2006.
(26) Gilder DA, Lau P, Dixon M, Corey L, Phillips E., Ehlers CL. Co-morbidity of select anxiety, affective, and psychotic disorders with cannabis dependence in Southwest California Indians. J Addict Dis 25:67-79, 2006.
(27) Ehlers CL, Phillips E, Finnerman G, Gilder DA, Lau P, Criado J. P3 components and adolescent binge drinking in Southwest California Indians. Neurotoxicol Teratol (special issue, 29(1):153-63, 2007.
(28) Ehlers CL, Wall TL, Dixon M, Corey L, Lau P, Gilder DA Wilhelmsen KC. Heritability of illicit drug use and transition to dependence in Southwest California Indians. Psychiatric Genet 17(3):171-176, 2007.
|
e) Studies in Hispanic
Americans
(1) Ehlers CL,
Phillips E, Wall, TL, Wilhelmsen K, Schuckit
MA. EEG alpha and level of response to
alcohol in Hispanic and non-Hispanic American
young adults with a family history of
Alcoholism. J Stud Alcohol 65(3):301-308,
2004.
(2) Ehlers CL, Phillips E, Schuckit MA.
EEG alpha variants and alpha power in
Hispanic and non-Hispanic young adults
with a family history of alcoholism. Alcohol 33:99-106, 2004.
(3) Ehlers CL, Phillips E. Association of EEG alpha variants and alpha power with alcohol dependence in Mexican American young adults. Alcohol 41(1): 13-20, 2007. |
f) Studies
in Sleep and Alcoholism
(1) Irwin M,
Miller C, Gillin JC, Demodena A, Ehlers
CL. Polysomnographic and Spectral Sleep
EEG in Primary Alcoholics: An interaction
between alcohol dependence and African-American
ethnicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24:1376-1384,
2000.
(2) Irwin, M, Gillin JC, Dang J, Weissman
J, Phillips E, Ehlers CL. Sleep deprivation
as a probe of homeostatic sleep regulation
in primary alcoholics. Biol Psychiatry 51(8):632-641, 2002.
(3) Irwin M, Rinetti, G, Redwine,L, Motivala
S, Dang J, Ehlers C. Nocturnal pro-inflammatory
cytokine-associated sleep disturbances
in abstinent African American alcoholics.
Brain Behav Immun 18(4):349-60, 2004.
(4) Irwin M, Valladares E, Motivala S, Thayer JF, Ehlers CL. Association between nocturnal vagal tone and sleep depth, sleep quality and fatigue in alcohol dependence. Psychosomatic Med 68:159-166, 2006. |
|
E.
Translational Studies in the Toxic Effects of Alcohol and
Other Drugs on Development
| 1.
Studies in Animal Models of Fetal Alcohol/Nicotine
Syndrome |
a) Kaneko WM, Riley EF, Ehlers
CL. Electrophysiological and behavioral findings in
rats prenatally exposed to alcohol. Alcohol 10:169-178,
1993.
b) Ehlers CL, Somes C, Thomas J, Riley EP. Effects
of neonatal exposure to nicotine on electrophysiological
parameters in adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 58:713-720, 1997.
c) Slawecki CJ, Thomas J, Riley EP, Ehlers CL. Neonatal
nicotine exposure alters hippocampal EEG and Event-related
potentials (ERPs) in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 65:711-718, 2000.
d) Thomas JD, Garrison ME, Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL,
Riley EP. Nicotine exposure during the neonatal brain
growth spurt produce hyperactivity in pre-weanling
rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 22:695-701,
2000.
e) Slawecki CJ, Thomas JD, Riley EP, Ehlers CL. Neurophysiological consequences of neonatal ethanol exposure in the rat. Alcohol 34:187-196, 2005.
f) Thorsell A, Slawecki CJ, Khoury A, Mathe AA, Ehlers CL. The effects of social isolation on neuropeptide Y levels, exploratory and anxiety-related behaviors in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 83:28-34, 2006. |
2.
Animal Models of Adolescent Drug Exposure |
a) Slawecki CJ, Betancourt
M, Cole M, Ehlers CL. Periadolescent alcohol exposure
has lasting effects on adult neurophysiological function
in rats. Brain Res Develop Brain Res 128: 63-72,
2001.
b) Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. Lasting effects of adolescent
nicotine exposure on the electroencephalogram, event
related potentials, and locomotor activity in the
rat. Brain Res Develop Brain Res 138:15-25 2002.
c) Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. The effects of corticotropin-releasing
factor on the cortical EEG are reduced following adolescent
nicotine exposure. Neuropeptides 37: 66-73, 2003.
d) Slawecki CJ, Gilder A, Roth J, Ehlers CL. Increased
anxiety-like behavior in adult rats exposed to nicotine
as adolescents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75(2):355-361,2003.
e) Slawecki CJ, Thorsell A, Ehlers CL. Long-term neurobehavioral
effects of alcohol or nicotine exposure in adolescent
animal models. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1021:448-52, 2004.
f) Slawecki CJ, Jimenez-Vasquez P, Mathe AA, Ehlers CL. Effect of ethanol on brain neuropeptides in adolescent and adult rats. J Stud Alcohol 66:46-52, 2005.
g) Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. Enhanced prepulse inhibition following adolescent ethanol exposure in Sprague Dawley rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:1829-1836, 2005.
h) Slawecki CJ, Thorsell A, El Khoury A, Mathe AA, Ehlers CL. Increased CRF-like and NPY-like immunoreactivity in adult rats exposed to nicotine during adolescence: relation to anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior. Neuropeptides, 39:369-377. 2005.
i) Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. Enhanced prepulse inhibition following adolescent ethanol exposure in Sprague Dawley rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:1829-1836, 2005.
j) Barron S, White A, Swartzwelder HS, Bell RL, Rodd ZA, Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL, Levin ED, Rezvani AH, Spear LP. Adolescent vulnerabilities to chronic alcohol or nicotine exposure: findings from rodent models. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:1720-1725, 2005.
k) Slawecki CJ, Ehlers CL. Enhanced prepulse inhibition following adolescent ethanol exposure in Sprague Dawley rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:1829-1836, 2005.
|
3.
Clinical Studies in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome |
a) Mattson SN,
Riley EP, Jernigan TL, Ehlers CL, Delis DC, Jones
KL, Stern C, Johnson KA, Hesselink JR, Bellugi U.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A case report of neuropsychological,
MRI, and EEG Assessment of two children. Alcohol Clin
Exp Res 16:1001-1003, 1993.
b) Mattson SN, Riley EP, Jernigan TL, Garcia A, Kaneko
WM, Ehlers CL, Jones KL. A decrease in the size of
the basal ganglia following prenatal alcohol exposure:
A preliminary report. Neurotoxicol Teratol 16:283-289,
1994.
c) Kaneko WM, Ehlers CL, Phillips EL, Riley EP. Event-related
potentials in fetal alcohol syndrome and Down syndrome
children. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20:35-42, 1996.
d) Kaneko WM, Phillips EL, Riley EP, Ehlers CL. EEG
findings in fetal alcohol syndrome and Down syndrome
children. Electroencephalograph Clin Neurophysiol 98:20-28, 1996. |
4.
Clinical Studies in Human Adolescent Drug Exposure |
| Dahl RE, Williamson DE, Bertocci
MA, Stolz MV, Ryan ND, Ehlers CL. Spectral analyses
of sleep EEG in adolescent depressed offspring of
alcoholic fathers: A pilot Study. Alcohol 30:193-200,
2003. |
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