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Project III: Protein Metal Ion Site Design Algorithms

Michael E. Pique, Victoria A. Roberts, Homme Hellinga, Jesus M. Castagnetto

Abstract

The long-term objectives of this project are criteria, algorithms, and tools for the design of metal binding sites in proteins. Bound metal ions in proteins perform both catalytic and structural functions. Introducing metal sites into any desired protein could confer new catalytic functions, improve stability, or create new diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Currently, each protein requires a different approach to metal-site design. To allow testing of specific design hypotheses and to verify our understanding of metal site requirements, a general, objective predictive algorithm is required. Given that the basic weakness in rational metalloprotein design is in the accuracy of the predictions from calculation and analysis, a separate new research project focused on the development of reliable criteria, predictive algorithms, and computer-based tools is highly desirable.
In Aim 1:
A database of NMR and X-ray structures will be constructed and analyzed to categorize sites and devise criteria for design in the form of three-dimensional stereochemical templates.
In Aim 2:
The algorithms for site search and neighborhood side chain compatibility optimization originally devised by participant Homme Hellinga will be applied, tested, and improved through the site design and characterization efforts of the Program Project. The design model takes into account not only direct metal-ligand geometry and interactions, but also neighborhood `second shell' side chains whose compatibility with the site affects folding, binding, and function.
In Aim 3:
Computational and interactive graphics tools to shorten the design-test-redesign cycle will be built in the productive framework of a high-level Protein Engineering Programming Environment.
The research design is iterative, with design "failures"uated as design intermediates, whose experimental characterization by spectroscopy and crystallography will highlight previously unanticipated aspects of metal site construction. The cross-breeding of empirical data and computational predictions will allow us to discriminate essential from accidental properties of sites and enhance scientific understanding of the construction of metal-binding sites with defined properties. This project integrates scientists and software developers from The Scripps Research Institute and Duke University to focus on computer-aided metal site design principles in a Program Project context that promotes their experimental verification.
Read the full text of the Project III proposal