IP-10 initiates electrical activity and calcium signaling in cultured hippocampal neurons

a-b: Bright field micrograph (a) and fluorescence image (b) of a field of hippocampal neurons loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura-2.  c-d: Ratiometric images of fura-2 fluorescence acquired approximately 2 s before (c) and 12 s after (d) application of IP-10. Arrows in a-d indicate the recorded neuron (note patch electrode in a).  e: Experimental setup for combined electrophysiology and fura-2 based Ca2+ imaging.  f: Simultaneous electrophysiological and intracellular calcium response of recorded neuron to IP-10 application. Illustration by Tom Nelson.