Curriculum Vitae

Business Address:
The Scripps Research Institute
10550 N. Torrey Pines Road
La Jolla, CA 92037

Business Telephone:
(858) 784-8265

Education

Northwestern University, 1956-1959
Stanford University Medical School, B.S., M.D. 1959-1964
Internship, Palo Alto Stanford Hospital, 1964-1965

Professional Positions

1965	Research Fellow, Department of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California
1968	Associate, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1970	Associate, Department of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California
1972	Associate Member, Department of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California
1974	Member, Department of Immunopathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California
1977	Member, Department of Cellular and Developmental Immunology, research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
1980	Head, Committee for the Study of Molecular Genetics and Member, Department of Immunopathology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
1982	Member, Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
1982	Chairman, Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
1987	Director, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
1988	Professor, Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
1991	President, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
1996	Member, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California

Societies and Boards

Member Phi Eta Sigma
Member Alpha Omega Alpha
Member American Society of Nephrology
Member American Association of Immunologists
Member American Society for Experimental Pathology
Member American Society of Microbiology
Member New York Academy of Sciences
Member Biophysical Society
Chairman, International Symposium on the Molecular Basis of Cell-Cell Interaction (1977)
Consultant, Special Virus Cancer Program, National Cancer Institute
Ad hoc Member of Molecular Biology Study Section
Member Pluto Society
Fellowship Screening Committee of the California Division, ACS
Charter Member, American Society for Virology
Member Institute of Medicine Ad hoc Committee of New Research Opportunities in Immunology, National Academy of Sciences
Member Organizing Committee for "Modern Approaches to Vaccines", Cold Spring Harbor (1983)
Member Cancer Preclinical Program Project Review Committee, National Cancer Institute
Member Scientific Policy Advisory Committee, Uppsala University, Uppsala Sweden (1991)
Member Scientific Advisory Board Economic Development Board, Singapore (1991)
Member National Academy of Science, USA (1991)
Trustee, The Neurosciences Research Foundation, Inc. (1992)
Member Advisory Board Chemical and Engineering News, Washington, DC (1994-1996)
Member ETH Institute of Biotechnology Advisory Board, Zurich Switzerland (1994)
Member Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Scientific Policy Committee, Stanford, CA (1995-1998)
Member Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Scientific Advisory Board, Houston, Texas (1996)
Member College of Chemistry Advisory Board, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (1996)
Member California Council on Science and Technology Board of Directors, Newport Beach, CA (1996-1997)
Member, Advisor Steering Group for Chemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (1996)
Member, Editorial Advisory Board for the American Peptide Society Journal, Tucson, Arizona (1997)
Member, Academic Committee of the Board of Governors of Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (1998)
Member, Editorial Advisory Board for Accounts of Chemical Research Journal, Los Angeles, CA (1998-2001)
Member, International Board of Governors, The Peres Center for Peace, Tel Aviv, Israel (1998)
Chairman, Governor's Counsil on Bioscience, Governor Gray Davis, Sacramento, CA (1999)
Member, The U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Advisory Committee, Washington, DC (1999)
Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA (2000)

Honors and Prizes

1970	NIH AID Career Development Award
1978	Parke Davis Award
1985	Elected Foreign Member, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1986	Recipient of Lita Annenberg Hazen Professor of Immunochemistry
1986	Decorated as oficial de La Orden de San Carlos by the President of Colombia
1989	Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Chair in Chemistry
1990	Honorary Doctorate of Medicine, Karolinska Institute
1990	John A. Muntz Memorial Prize, Albany Medical College, New York
1990	San Marino Prize, Republic of San Marino
1990	The Burroughs Wellcome Fund and the FASEB Wellcome Visiting Professor Award in Basic Medical Science
1991	The College De France Lectureship, College De France, Paris
1991	Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award in Chemistry, Washington, D.C.
1992	CIBA-Geigy Drew Prize in Chemical Science, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey
1993	Hyp J. Dauben Award in Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
1994	Humboldt Research Award, Bonn Germany
1994/95	The Wolf Prize in Chemistry
1996	California Scientist of the Year Award
1999	William B Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, New York, NY
1999	Windaus-Medal/Award, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen Germany
2001	Honorary Doctorate of Science Award Doctor Scientiarum Honoris Causa, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
2002	Doctor of Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
2002	Scientist of the Year Award, ARCS Foundation, Inc., San Diego, CA
2002	President's Medal, University of California
2003	Paul Ehrlich-and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize, Frankfurt, Germany
2003	Honorary Doctorate Degree, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
2004	Honorary Doctorate in Humane Letters from Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
2005	AAAS Fellow
2005	DART/NYU Biotechnology Achievement Award in Basic Biotechnology, New York, NY
2006	Distinguished Visiting Scientist at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, New York

Lectureships

1984	Casper Wistar Lecture, The Wistar Institute, Pennsylvania.
1986	Fourteenth Peter Anthony Leermakers Symposium, Wesleyan University, Connecticut.
1988	The Thirteenth Annual B.R. Baker Memorial Lecture University of California, Santa Barbara, California.
1988	Allied Corporation Lecture, Rutgers University, New Jersey.
1988	10th Annual Jim Mc Ginnis Memorial Lecture, Duke University, North Carolina.
1988	Selected to give the address on the occasion of Michael Heidelberger's 100th Birthday, New York University, N.Y.
1988	Clark Lecture, San Jose State University, California.
1988	Dow Chemical Matrix Lecture, Midland, Michigan.
1988	Abbott Lecture, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.
1989	Rennebohm Lecture, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin.
1989	Mobay Lecture, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
1989	Spink Lecture, University of Minnesota, Minnesota.
1990	Smith Kline Lecture, Yale University, Connecticut.
1990	The John A. Muntz Lecture, Albany Medical College, Albany, N.Y.
1990	The First Josef Fried Symposium, University of Chicago, Illinois.
1991	Wallace P. Rowe Symposium, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
1991	The Mabel Beckman Lectures in Technologies, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
1991	Bruce Merrifield's 70th Birthday Symposium, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.
1991	Lilly Symposium, New York, NY.
1991	Peter Reichard Symposium, Stockholm Sweden.
1991	John G. Reinhold Lecture, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania.
1991	The Tenth Annual Jeanette Piperno Memorial Award, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1992	Schering Lectures, Schering, Berlin, West Germany.
1992	Biomega Lectures in Organic Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
1992	Seventh Annual William S. Johnson Symposium in Organic Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford California.
1992	Sixteenth Annual CIBA-GEIGY Drew Award in Biomedical Research, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey.
1993	The John Howard Appleton Lecture in Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
1993	August-Wilhelm-von-Hofmann-Lecture, Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Germany.
1994	Lemieux Lecture, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
1995	Bender Lectureship in Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
1995	Alfred Burger Lecturer in Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
1996	Ephraim Katzir's 80th Birthday Symposium, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Israel
1996	Falk-Plaut Lecture, Columbia University, New York, NY.
1996	Debye Lectures, Cornell University, New York, NY.
1996	Harvey Lecture, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.
1996	Honors Program Lecture, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
1997	The Twelfth Biennial Carl S. Marvel Symposium, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
1997	John and Dolores Stille Science Symposium, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
1997	Roma Eisenstark Memorial Lecture in Cancer Research, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO.
1997	Arrhenius Lecture in Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
1998	Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Distinguished Lecturer in Chemistry, Wilmington, Delaware.
1999	Twenty-Seventh Annual Verna and Marrs McLean Science and Society Lecture in Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
1999	21st Oliver H. Lowry Lecture, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
1999	Adolf-Windaus-Gedächtnis-Lecture, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen Germany.
2000	Rodney Porter Memorial Lecture, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
2000	Beverly and Raymond Sackler Lecture, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
2000	Sumner Lecture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
2001	18th Herbert C. Brown Lecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
2001	Linus Pauling Lecture at the Centennial Celebration, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.
2003	Richard L. Schowen Lecture in Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.
2004	S. Jon Singer Plenary Lecture, Salk Institute, La Jolla CA
2006	The Robert A. Good Lecture in Immunochemistry, St. Petersburg, FL.

Editorial Boards

Journal of Virology
Molecular Biology and Medicine
Vaccine
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters
Drug Targeting and Delivery
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry
Molecular Medicine
Catalysis Technology
Angewandte Chemie

Outside Professional Activities

Company/Organization	Position

5AM Ventures	Scientific Advisory Board
Acro	Scientific Advisory Board
Bay City Capital	Scientific Advisory Board
Dyadic	Scientific Advisory Board
Intra-Cellular Therapies	Board of Directors
Kraft Foods	Board of Directors
OPKO Health, Inc.	Board of Directors
Optimer	Scientific Advisory Board
Sequenom	Board of Directors
Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.	Chair, Scientific Advisory Board Consultant

Bibliography

1	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. Transfer of ovine experimental allergic glomerulonephritis (EAG) with serum. J. Exp. Med. 124:431-442, 1966.
2	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. Induced and spontaneous glomerulonephritis in sheep. Fed. Proc. 25:660, 1966.
3	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. Spontaneous glomerulonephritis in sheep. Lab. Invest. 15:1279-1288, 1966.
4	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. Experimental and human glomerulonephritis associated with antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 15:94, 1967.
5	Lerner, R.A., J.J. Glassock, and F.J. Dixon. The role of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody in the pathogenesis of human glomerulonephritis. J. Exp. Med. 126:989, 1967.
6	Unanue, E.R., R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. Experimental allergic glomerulonephritis (EAG) induced by antibodies to renal basement membrane. Proc. Vth International Immunopathology Symposium, P. Grabar and P. Miescher, eds. Schwabe and Co., Basel, 1967.
7	Lerner, R.A., F.J. Dixon, F.E. Young, and R.J. Glassock. Isolation and characterization of soluble human glomerular basement membrane (HuGBM) antigens and the demonstration of pathogenic anti-glomerular antibody in man. Fed. Proc. 26:743, 1967.
8	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. The induction of acute glomerulonephritis in rabbits by injection of autologous and homologous glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigens isolated from normal urine. Proc. First Ann. Conf. of the Am. Soc. of Nephrology, September, 1967.
9	Glassock, R.J., R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. Transfer of glomerulonephritis from man to monkey. Proc. First Ann.Conf. of the Am. Soc. of Nephrology, September, 1967.
10	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. Renal antigens in urine. In: Proteins in normal and pathological urine. S. Karger, Basel, 1968.
11	Lerner, R.A., J.J. McPhaul, Jr. and F.J. Dixon. Soluble glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigens in normal urine. Possible autoimmunogens in man. Annals of Int. Med. 68:249, 1968.
12	Starzl, T.E., R.A. Lerner, F.J. Dixon, C.G. Groth, L. Brettschneider, and P.I. Terasaki. The Schwartzman reaction after human renal homotransplantation. New. Eng.J. Med. 278:642, 1968.
13	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. The induction of acute glomerulonephritis in rabbits with soluble antigens isolated from normal homologous and autologous urine. J.Immunol. 100:1277, 1968.
14	Lerner, R.A., F.J. Dixon and S. Lee. Spontaneous glomerulonephritis in sheep. II. Studies on natural history, occurrence in other species and pathogenesis. Am. J. Path. 53:501, 1968.
15	Lerner, R.A. Pathogenesis and incidence of spontaneous glomerulonephritis (SG) in sheep and other ruminants. Fed. Proc. 27:363, 1968.
16	McPhaul, J.J. and R.A. Lerner. Glomerular basement membrane antigen excretion in normal and nephritic men. Fed. Proc. 27:545, 1968.
17	Dixon, F.J., J.J. McPhaul, and R.A. Lerner. Recurrence of glomerulonephritis in the transplanted kidney. Arch. Int. Med. 123:554, 1969.
18	Dixon, F.J., J.J. McPhaul, and R.A. Lerner. The contribution of kidney transplantation to the study of glomerulonephritis. The recurrence of glomerulonephritis in renal transplants. Transp. Proc. 1:194, No. 1, 1969.
19	Rolley, R.T., G.M. Williams, R.A. Lerner, G. Hanscom, and D.M. Hume. Characterization of antibodies following human homograft rejection. Transp. Proc. 1:275, No. 1, 1969.
20	Lerner, R.A. and L.D. Hodge. Nonpermissive infections of mammalian cells: Synthesis of influenza virus in genome in HeLa cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 64:544, 1969.
21	Lerner, R.A., J.J. McPhaul, and F.J. Dixon. Glomerulonephritis mediated by anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. International Congress of Nephrology,Stockholm, Sweden.
22	Lerner, R.A. and L.D. Hodge. Gene expression in synchronized lymphocytes: Studies on the control of synthesis of immunoglobulin polypeptides. J. Cell Physiol. 77:265, 1971.
23	Lerner, R.A., P.J. McConhey, and F.J. Dixon. Quantitative aspects of plasma membrane associated immunoglobulin in clones of diploid human lymphocytes. Science 173:60, 1971.
24	Lerner, R.A., W. Meinke, and D.A. Goldstein. Membrane associated DNA in the cytoplasm of diploid human lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:1212, 1971.
25	Lerner, R.A., W. Meinke, and D.A. Goldstein. Evidence for DNA associated with cytoplasmic membranes of diploid human lymphocytes. Biophysical J. 11:48a, 1971.
26	McConahey, P.J., R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. Quantitation of plasma membrane and cytoplasmic Ig of human diploid lymphocyte clones. Fed. Proc. 30:588, 1971.
27	Lerner, R.A., M.B.A. Oldstone, and N.R. Cooper. Cell cycle dependent immune lysis of Moloney virus transformed lymphocytes: Presence of viral antigen, accessibility to antibody and complement activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:2584, 1971.
28	Hall, M.R., W. Meinke, D.A. Goldstein, and R.A. Lerner. Synthesis of cytoplasmic membrane associated DNA in lymphocyte nucleus. Nature New Biology 234:277, 1971.
29	Tubergen, D.G., J.D. Feldman, E.M. Pollock, and R.A. Lerner. Production of macrophage migration inhibition factor by continuous cell lines. J. Exp. Med. 135:255,1972.
30	Lerner, R.A. Relationship of events at the lymphocyte cell surface to gene expression: Approaches to the problem. Cont. Topics in Immunochem.
31	Lerner, R.A., P.J. McConahey, I. Jansen and F.J. Dixon. Synthesis of plasma membrane associated and secretory immunoglobulin in diploid lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 135:136, 1972.
32	Tan, E.M. and R.A. Lerner. An immunologic Study of the fates of nuclear and nucleolar macromolecules during the cell cycle. J. Mol. Biol. 68:107, 1972.
33	Wiktor, T.J., R.A. Lerner, and H. Koprowski. Inhibitory effect of passive antibody on active immunity induced against rabies by vaccination. Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org. 45:747, 1972.
34	Ferrone, S., B. Del Villano, M.A. Pellgrio, R.A. Lerner, and R.A. Reisfeld. Expression of HL-A antigens on the surface of cultured human lymphoid cells: Effects of inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Tissue Antigens 2:447, 1972.
35	Lerner, R.A., F. Jensen, S. Kennel, F.J. Dixon, G. Des Roches, and U. Francke. Karyotypic, virologic and immunologic analyses of two continuous lymphocyte lines established from New Zealand black mice: Possible relationship of lymphocyte mosaicism to autoimmunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69:2965, 1972.
36	Del Villano, B.C. and R.A. Lerner. Further studies on plasma membrane associated nucleic acids in cultured human lymphocytes. Fed. Proc. 31, 1972.
37	Hall, M.R., D.A. Goldstein, and R.A. Lerner. Effects of inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis on cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA.Amer. Soc. Microbiol. Phila., 1972.
38	Goldstein, D.A., W. Meinke, M.R. Hall, and R.A. Lerner. Characterization of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA in eucaryotic cells. Int. Biophysical Congress, Moscow, 1972.
39	Lerner, R.A. Plasma membrane-associated DNA in diploid human lymphocytes. Symp. on Genes and Antibodies, Scand. J. of Immunol. June, 1972.
40	Lerner, R.A. In: Cell surface alteration as a result of malignant transformation: II. MSS Information Corporation, New York, pp. 52-62, 1972.
41	Lerner, R.A. and F.J. Dixon. The human lymphocyte as an experimental animal. Scientific Am. 228:82, 1973.
42	Kennel, S.J. and R.A. Lerner. Isolation and characterization of plasma membrane associated immunoglobulin from cultured human diploid lymphocytes. J. Mol. Biol. 76:485, 1973.
43	Meinke, W., M.R. Hall, D.A. Goldstein, D.E. Kohne, and R.A. Lerner. Physical properties of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 78:43, 1973.
44	Kennel, S.J., B.C. Del Villano, R.L. Levy, and R.A.Lerner. Properties of an oncornavirus glycoprotein: Evidence for its presence on the surface of virions and infected cells. Virology, 55:464, 1973.
45	Kennel, S.J., B.C. Del Villano, and R.A. Lerner. Approaches to the quantitation and isolation of immunoglobulin associated with plasma membranes. In: Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 6, T. Zachria, ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc., pp. 1-38, 1973.
46	Hampar, B., K. Rand, R. Lerner, B. Del Villano, R. McAllister, L. Martos, J. Derge, C. Long, and R. Gilden. Formation syncytia in human lymphoblastoid cells infected with wile-type C viruses. Virology 55:453, 1973.
47	Lerner, R.A., F.J. Dixon, B.P. Croker, B.C. Del Villano, F.C. Jensen, S.J. Kennel, and P.J. McConahey. The possible role of oncornaviruses in the etiology and pathogenesis of murine lupus. Adv. in the Biosciences, Pergamon Press, pp. 356-365, 1974.
48	Kingsbury, D.T. and R.A. Lerner. Encapsulation of lymphocyte DNA by vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:753, 1974.
49	Hall, M.R., W. Meinke, D.A. Goldstein, and R.A. Lerner. Differential effects of metabolic inhibitors on cytoplasmic membrane associated and nuclear DNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 60:96, 1974.
50	Leavitt, R.W., R.B. Sparks, D.R. Helsinki, and R.A. Lerner. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of single-stranded regions in DNA. Biochemistry/Biophysics Meeting, 1974.
51	Dixon, F.J., B.P. Croker, B.C. Del Villano, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. The possible role of oncornaviruses in murine lupus. Proc. Int. Symp. on Infection and Immunology in the Rheumatic Diseases, Blackwell Scientific, 1974.
52	Croker, B.P., B.C. Del Villano, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Immunopathogenicity and oncogenicity of murine leukemia viruses. I. Induction of immunologic disease and lymphoma in (BALB/c x NZ B) F1 mice by Scripps leukemia virus. J. Exp. Med. 140:1028-1047, 1974.
53	Puga, A., A.B. Jensen, J. Boaz, F. Jensen, D. Kohne, and R.A. Lerner. Molecular analysis of a murine leukemia virus produced by continuously growing thymocytes. Progress in Immunology II, Vol 5, 1974.
54	Dixon, F.J., B.P. Croker, B.C. Del Villano, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Immunopathologic consequences of murine oncornavirus infection. R.F. Beers, Jr. and E.G. Bassett, eds., Raven Press, New York, 1976.
55	Dixon, F.J., B.P. Croker, B.C. Del Villano, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Oncornavirus infection and "auto" immune complex disease of mice. Proc. 2nd Int. Cong. of Immunology, Brighton, England, 1974.
56	Dixon, F.J., B.P. Croker, B.C. Del Villano, R.A. Lerner, and H. Marquardt.
57	Lerner, R.A. Regulatory macromolecules of the plasma membrane: X. Interphase between thymic differentiation markers and oncornavirion polypeptides. Vth Lepetit Colloquium, Madrid, Spain, 1974.
58	Del Villano, B.C., B. Nave, B.P. Croker, R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. The oncornavirus glycoprotein gp69/71: A constituent of the surface of normal and malignant thymocytes. J. Exp. Med. 141:172-187, 1975.
59	Siu, C-H, R.A. Lerner, R.A. Firtel, and W.F. Loomis, Jr. Developmentally related expression of a plasma-membrane associated carbohydrate-binding protein in Dictyostelium discoideum. Biophysical J. 15(2):219a, 1975.
60	Kennel, S.J., Del Villano, B.C., Levy, R.L., Lerner, R.A. Biochemical and immunologic characterization of an oncornavirus glycoprotein. Univ. of Toyko Press. pp. 329-338, 1975.
61	Levy, R.L., R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. The neonatal state is not obligatory for infection of mice with murine leukemia virus. Fed. Proc. 34(3):974, 1975.
62	Lerner, R.A. and B.C. Del Villano. Oncornaviral genes and murine differentiation markers. VIIth International Symposium on Comparative Research on Leukemia and Related Diseases, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1975.
63	Del Villano, B.C., B.P. Croker, P.J. McConahey, F.C. Jensen, R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. Immunopathogenicity and oncogenicity of murine leukemia viruses. II. Expression of muLV p30 and induction of lymphatic leukemia in mice and rats. Am. Journal of Path. 82(2):299-313, 1976.
64	Siu, C-H, R.A. Lerner, R.A. Firel, and W.F. Loomis. Changes in plasma membrane proteins during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Developmental Biology, Vol. 2, D. McMahon and F. Fox, eds., Benjamin Co., 1976, pp.129-134.
65	Levy, R.L., M.H. Barrington, R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. On the mechanism of infectivity of a murine leukemia virus in adult mice. In: Biology of Radiation Carcinogenesis, J.M. Yuhas, R.W. Tennant, and J.D. Regan, eds., Raven Press, New York, pp. 275-286, 1976.
66	Levy, R.L., R.A. Lerner, and F.J. Dixon. Enhancement of infectivity and oncogenicity of a murine leukemia virus in adult mice by X-irradiation. Cancer Research 36:2090-2095, 1976.
67	Siu, C-HY, R.A. Lerner, G. Ma, R.A. Firtel, and W.F. Loomis. Developmentally regulated proteins of the plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum. I. The carbohydrate binding protein. J. Mol. Biol. 100:157-178, 1976.
68	Lerner, R.A., C.B. Wilson, B.C. Del Villano, P.J. McConahey, and F.J. Dixon. Endogenous oncornaviral gene expression in adult and fetal mice: Quantitative, histologic, and physiologic studies of the major viral glycoprotein, gp70. J. Exp. Med. 143:151-166, 1976.
69	Del Villano, B.C. and R.A. Lerner. Relationship between the oncornavirus gene product gp70 and a major protein secretion of the mouse genital tract. Nature 259:497-499, 1976.
70	Del Villano, B.C., S.J. Kennel, and R.A. Lerner. Biological and structural pleomorphism of the oncornavirus envelope glycoprotein, gp70. In: Contemporary topics in Immunobiology, Vol. 6, M.G. Hanna and F. Rapp, eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1976.
71	Lerner, R.A., B.C. Del Villano, and S.J. Kennel. Viral genes and cell surface differentiation proteins of the mouse. Proceedings, ICN-UCLA Winter Conference on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Keystone, Colorado. J. Supramol. Struc. 4, 1976.
72	Geltosky, J.E., C-H Siu, and R.A. Lerner. Glycoproteins of the plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum during development. Cell 8:391-396, 1976.
73	Del Villano, B.C., R.A. Lerner, S.J. Kennel, and J.H. Elder. Expression of an oncornavirus gene product in the mouse genital tract. In: Proceedings of the Third Annual NICHD Workshop on the Testis, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, eds., Raven Press, New York, 1976.
74	Siu, C-H, R.A. Lerner, and W.F. Loomis. Rapid accumulation and disappearance of plasma membrane proteins during development of wild-type and mutant strains of Dictyostelium discoideum. J. Mol. Biol. 116:469-488, 1977.
75	Elder, J.H., F.C. Jensen, M.L. Bryant, and R.A. Lerner. Polymorphism of the major envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of murine C-type viruses: Virion associated and differentiation antigens encoded by a multi-gene family. Nature 267:23-28, 1977.
76	Geltosky, J.E., J. Ray, and R.A. Lerner. Use of common plant lectins for isolation and characterization of constitutive and developmentally regulated cell surface associated glycoproteins of Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Cell Surface Carbohydrates and Biological Recognition, V. Marchesi, V. Ginsburg, P. Robbins, C. Fox, eds., Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp. 613-619, 1977.
77	Elder, J.H., R.A. Pickett, J. Hampton, and R.A. Lerner. Radioiodination of proteins in single polyacrylamide gel slices: Tryptic peptide analysis of all the major members of complex multicomponent systems using microgram quantities of total protein. J. Biol. Chem. 252:6510- 6515, 1977.
78	Bryant, M.L., B.K. Pal, M.B. Gardner, J.H. Elder, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Structural analysis of the major envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of the amphotropic and ecotropic type C viruses of wild mice. Virology 84:348-358, 1978.
79	Siu, C-H, R.A. Lerner, and W.F. Loomis. Plasma membrane proteins in wild type and cascade arrested mutant strains of Dictyostelium discoideum. In: The Molecular Basis of Cell-Cell Interaction, R.A. Lerner and D. Bergsma, eds., Alan R. Liss, Inc. New York, 1978, pp. 439-458.
80	Siu, C-H, R.A. Lerner, and J.E. Geltosky. Altered cell-cell recognition in a temperature conditional mutant strains of Dictyostelium discoideum. In: The Molecular Basis of Cell-Cell Interaction, R.A. Lerner and D. Bergsma, eds., Alan R. Liss, Inc. New York, 1978, pp. 459-472.
81	Elder, J.H., F.C. Jensen, J.W. Gautsch, R.A. Lerner, and M. Vogt. Structural analysis of the surface glycoproteins (pg70's) of recombinant murine C-type viruses: Evidence for envelope gene recombination. In: Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research, Bentvelzen et al., eds., N. Holland Biomedical Press, 1977.
82	Bordier, C., W.F. Loomis, J. Elder, and R.A. Lerner. The major developmentally regulated protein complex in members of Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. 253:5133-5139, 1978.
83	Elder, J.H., J.W. Gautsch, F.C. Jensen, R.A. Lerner, J.W. Hartley, and W.P. Rowe. Biochemical evidence that MCF murine leukemia viruses are envelope (env) gene recombinants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:4676-4680,1977.
84	Elder, J.H., J.W. Gautsch, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Multigene family of endogenous retroviruses: Recombinant origin of diversity. Invited editorial, J. of the Nat. Cancer Inst. 61:625-638, 1978.
85	Elder, J.H., J.W. Gautsch, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Generation of diversity among murine C-type viruses via envelope gene recombination. In: Differentiation or Normal and Neoplastic Hematopoietic Cells, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1977, pp. 553-560.
86	Levy, R.L., M.H. Barrington, R.A. Lerner, G.F. Griffin, and C.E. Whitmire. Immunosuppressive effects of 3-methyl-cholanthrene given intratracheally in various strains of mice. Cancer Res. 37:3892-3894, 1977.
87	Gautsch, J.W., J.H. Elder, J. Schindler, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Structural markers on MuLV p30: Functional correlation with Fv-1 tropism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:4170-4174, 1978.
88	Gautsch, J.W., R.A. Lerner, D. Howard, Y. Teramoto, and J. Schlom. Strain specific markers for the major structural proteins of highly oncogenic murine mammary tumor viruses by tryptic peptide analyses. J. of Virol. 27:688-699, 1978.
89	Takemoto, L.J., C.F. Fox, F.C. Jensen, J.H. Elder, and R.A. Lerner. Nearest-neighbor interactions of RNA tumor virus glycoprotein, gp70, on the surface of murine cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 75:3644-3648, 1978.
90	Schlom, J., W. Drohan, Y. Teramoto, P. Hand, D. Colcher, R. Callahan, G. Todaro, K. Kufe, D. Howard, J. Gautsch, R. A. Lerner, and G. Schidlovsky. Diversity of mouse mammary tumor virus genetic information and gene products in rodents. In: Workshop on the Origins of Inbred Mice, H.C. Morse III, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1978.
91	Oskarrson, M., J.H. Elder, J.W. Gautsch, R.A. Lerner, and G.F. Vande Woude. Chemical determination of the mlMoloney sarcoma virus pP60gag gene order: Evidence for unique peptides in the C-terminus of the polyprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:4694-4698, 1978.
92	Fischinger, P.J., A.E. Frankel, J.H. Elder, R.A. Lerner, and J.N. Ihle. Biological, immunological, and bio-chemical evidence that HIX virus is a recombinant between Moloney leukemia virus and a murine xenotropic C type virus. Virology 90:241-254, 1978.
93	Lerner, R.A. Recombinant origins of leukemogenic murine viruses. Parke, Davis Lecture. The Am. J. of Path. 93:10-20, 1978.
94	Ray, J., T. Shinnick, and R.A. Lerner. A mutation altering the function of a carbohydrate binding protein blocks cell-cell cohesion in developing Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 279:215-221, 1978.
95	Elder, J.H., J.W. Gautsch, F.C. Jensen, R.A. Lerner, T.M. Chused, H.C. Morse, J.W. Hartley, and W.P. Rowe. Differential expression of two distinct xenotropic viruses in NZB mice. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 15:493-501, 1980.
96	Geltosky, J.E., J. Weseman, A. Bakke, and R.A. Lerner. Identification of a cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell aggregation in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell 18:391-398, 1979.
97	Gautsch, J., J. Elder, F. Jensen, and R. Lerner. In vitro construction of B-tropic virus by recombination: B-tropism is a cryptic phenotype of senotropic murine retroviruses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:2989-2993, 1980.
98	Sutcliffe, J.G., T.M. Shinnick, R.A. Lerner, P. Johnson, and I. Verma. Nucleotide sequence of a cloned murine leukemia viral DNA. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Vol. 44, 1980.
99	Shinnick, T.M. and R.A. Lerner. The cbpA gene: Role of the 26,000 dalton
100	Sutcliffe, J.G., T.M. Shinnick, I.M. Verma, and R.A. Lerner. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney leukemia virus: The 3' end reveals details of replication, analogy to bacterial transposons, and an unexpected gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:3302-3306, 1980.
101	Geltosky, J.E., C.R. Birdwell, J. Weseman, and R.A. Lerner. A glycoprotein involved in aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum is distributed on the cell surface in a non-random fashion favoring cell junctions. Cell 21:339-345, 1980.
102	Gautsch, J.W., J.H. Elder, F.C. Jensen, and R.A. Lerner. Structural diversity among retroviral gene products: A molecular approach to the study of biological function through structural variability. Adv. in Cancer Res. 34:171-209, 1980.
103	Sutcliffe, J.G., T.M. Shinnick, N. Green, F-T Liu, H.L. Niman, and R.A. Lerner. Chemical synthesis of a protein predicted from nucleotide sequence allows detection of a new retroviral gene product. Nature 287:801-805, 1980.
104	Sutcliffe, J.G., T.M. Shinnick, and R.A. Lerner. Moloney leukemia virus is a transposon: Nucleotide sequence analysis identifies genes and replication details. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. on Quant. Biol. Vol. XLV, 1980, pp. 707-710.
105	Bakke, A. and R.A. Lerner. The cascade of membrane events during development. Subcellular Biochem. 8:75-122, 1981.
106	Lerner, R.A., J.G. Sutcliffe, and T.M. Shinnick. Antibodies to chemically synthesized peptides predicted from DNA sequences as probes of gene expression. Mini-review, Cell 23:309-310, 1981.
107	Ray, J. and R.A. Lerner. A biologically active receptor for the carbohydrate binding protein(s) of Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell 28:91-98, 1982.
108	Lerner, R.A., N. Green, H. Alexander, F-T Liu, J.G. Sutcliffe, and T.M. Shinnick. Chemically synthesized peptides predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the hepatitis B virus genome elicit antibodies reactive with the native envelope protein of Dane particles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:3403-3407, 1981.
109	Green, N., T.M. Shinnick, O. Witte, A. Ponticelli, J.G. Sutcliffe, and R.A. Lerner. Sequence-specific antibodies reveal that the maturation of Moloney leukemia virus envelope polyprotein involves the removal of a carboxy-terminal peptide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:6023-6027, 1981.
110	Ray, J., T.M. Shinnick, S. Alexander, and R.A. Lerner. Genetics and biochemistry of cell recognition molecules in Dictyostelium discoideum. J. of Supramolec. Struct, Alan R. Liss, Inc. N.Y., pp. 789-793, 1981.
111	Schindler, J., J. W. Gautsch, R.A. Lerner, and N. Hopkins. Biochemical analysis of the p30s of N-, B-, and B-NB-tropic murine leukemia viruses of BALB/c origin. J. of Virol. 39:703-712, 1981.
112	Shinnick, T.M., R.A. Lerner, and J.G. Sutcliffe. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Nature 293:543-548, 1981.
113	Lerner, R.A., N. Green, A. Olson, T. Shinnick, and J.G. Sutcliffe. The development of synthetic vaccines. Hospital Practice 16:55-62, 1981.
114	Lerner, R.A. Antibodies to chemically synthesized peptides from DNA sequences as probes of gene expression. In: Molecular Genetic Neuroscience, F. E. Bloom and S. Bird, eds., Raven Press, New York, 1982.
115	Green, N., H. Alexander, A. Olson, S. Alexander, T.M. Shinnick, J.G. Sutcliffe, and R.A. Lerner. The immunogenic structure of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Cell 28:477-489, 1982.
116	Bittle, J.L., R.A. Houghten, H. Alexander, T.M. Shinnick, J.G. Sutcliffe, R.A. Lerner, D.J. Rowlands, and F. Brown. Protection against foot-and-mouth disease by immunization with a chemically synthesized peptide predicted from the viral nucleotide sequence. Nature 298:30-33, 1982.
117	Gerin, J.L., H. Alexander, J.W-K Shih, R.H. Purcell, G. Dapolito, R. Engle, N. Green, J.G. Sutcliffe, T.M. Shinnick, and R.A. Lerner. Chemically synthesized peptides of hepatitis B surface antigen duplicate d/y specificities and induce subtype-specific antibodies in chimpanzees. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:2365-2369, 1982.
118	Sutcliffe, J.G., R.J. Milner, R.E. Bloom, and R.A. Lerner. Common 82 nucleotide sequence unique to brain RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:4942-4946, 1982.
119	Levy, D.E., R.A. Lerner, and M.C. Wilson. A genetic locus regulates the expression of tissue specific mRNAs from multiple transcription units. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5823-5827, 1982.
120	Lerner, R.A. Tapping the immunological repertoire at will to produce antibodies of predetermined specificity. Nature 299:592-596, 1982.
121	Alexander, S., H. Alexander, N. Green, and R.A. Lerner. Antisera against synthetic peptides neutralize influenza viruses of differing hemagglutinin subtypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1982.
122	Sutcliffe, J.G., T.M. Shinnick, N. Green, and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies that react with predetermined sites on proteins. Science 219:6660-666, 1983.
123	Lerner, R.A. Synthetic vaccines. Scientific American 248(2):66-74, 1983.
124	Luka, J., L. Sternas, H. Jornvall, G. Klein, and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies of predetermined specificity of the N-terminus of a cellular "p53" protein react with the native molecule: Evidence for the presence of different "p53s." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:1199-1203, 1982.
125	Shinnick, T.M., J.G. Sutcliffe, N. Green, and R.A. Lerner. Synthetic peptide immunogens as vaccines. Ann. Rev. Micro. 37:425-446, 1983.
126	Ray, J. and R.A. Lerner. Cellular interaction in the morphogenesis of Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Cell Receptors and Cell Communication in Invertebrates, A.H. Greenberg, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1983.
127	Alexander, S., T.M. Shinnick, and R.A. Lerner. Mutants of Dictoyostelium discoideum blocked in expression of all members of the developmentally regulated discoidin multi-gene family. Cell 34:467-475, 1983.
128	Niman, H., R. Houghten, L. Walker, R. Reisfeld, I. Wilson, J. Hogle, and R. Lerner. Generation of reactive antibodies by short peptides is an event of high frequency: Implications for the structural basis of immune recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4949-4953, 1983.
129	Alexander, H. and R.A. Lerner. Chemically synthesized peptide analogs of the hepatitis B surface antigen. In. Advances in Hepatitis Research, ed. F. Chisari, Masson Pub. Inc., 1983, pp. 223-229.
130	Seiden, M.V., B. Clevinger, T. Srouji, J.M. Davie, S. McMillan, and R.A. Lerner. A synthetic peptide induces a new anti-dextran idiotype. Annals of Immunology, 135C:77-82, 1983.
131	Alexander, S., A.M. Cibulsky, and R.A. Lerner. Ion dependence of the discoidin I lectin from Dictyostelium discoideum. Differentiation 24:209-212, 1983.
132	Clarke, B.E., A.R. Carroll, D.J. Rowlands, B.H. Nicholson, R.A. Houghten, R.A. Lerner, and F. Brown. Synthetic peptides mimic subtype specificity of foot-and-mouth Disease virus. Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Vol. 157, No. 2, 1983.
133	Alexander, H., D. Johnson, N. Green, R. Lerner. Mimicking alloantigens with chemically synthesized peptides differing in single amino acids. Nature 306:697-699, 1983.
134	Rowlands, D., B. Clarke, A. Carroll, F. Brown, B. Nicholson, J. Bittle, R. Houghten, and R. Lerner. The chemical basis for variation in the major antigenic site eliciting neutralizing antibodies in foot-and-mouth disease virus. Nature 306:694-697, 1983.
135	Milich, D.R., G.G. Leroux-Roels, D.L. Peterson, R.A. Lerner, and F.V. Chisari. Dissection of the immunogenicity of the hepatitis B surface antigen into T and B cell recognition sites. Nature, 1983.
136	Lerner, R.A. Antibodies of Predetermined Specificity in Biology and Medicine. Proceedings of the XVIIIth Solvay Conference on Chemistry. George Van Binst, ed., 43-49, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) 1973.
137	Shinnick, T.M., J.G. Sutcliffe, J.L. Gerin, R.H. Purcell, J.L. Bittle, H. Alexander, D.J. Rowlands, F. Brown, and R.A. Lerner. The chemical nature of antiviral serotype specificity. In: International Symposium of Affinity Chromatography and Biological Recognition, I. Chaiken, ed., Academic Press, 1984, pp. 343-353.
138	MacFarlan, R.I., B. Dietzschold, H. Koprowski, J.G. Sutcliffe, and R.A. Lerner. Localization of the immunodominant domains of rabies virus glycoprotein. In: Modern Approaches to Vaccines, R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds., 1984, p. 139.
139	Chen, P.P., R.A. Houghten, S. Fong, G.H. Rhodes, T.A. Gilbertson, J.H. Vaughan, R.A. Lerner, and D.A. Carson. Anti-hypervariable region antibody induced by a defined peptide. A new approach for studying the structural correlates of idiotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1784, 1983.
140	McMillan, S., M.V. Seiden, R.A. Houghten, B. Clevinger, J.M. Davie, and R.A. Lerner. Synthetic idiotypes: The third hypervariable region of murine anti-dextran antibodies. Cell 35:859-863, 1983.
141	Milner, R.J., F.E. Bloom, C. Lai, R.A. Lerner and J.G. Sutcliffe. Brain specific genes have ID sequences in their introns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:713, 1983.
142	Shinnick, T.M., J.G. Sutcliffe, and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies to synthetic immunogens as probes for virus protein expression and function. In: Concepts in Viral Pathogenesis, A. Notkins and M.B.A. Oldstone, eds., 1984, pp. 361-365.
143	Shinnick, T.M., J.G. Sutcliffe, N. Green, and R.A. Lerner. Peptide elicited
144	Bittle, J.L., P.A. Worrell, R.A. Houghten, R.A. Lerner, D.J. Rowlands, and F.Brown. Immunization against foot-and-mouth disease with a chemically synthesized peptide. In: Modern Approaches to Vaccines, R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1984, p. 93.
145	Rowlands, D.J., B.E. Clarke, A.R. Carroll, F. Brown, B.H. Nicholson, J.L. Bittle, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Chemical basis for variation in the major antigenic site eliciting neutralizing antibodies in foot-and-mouth disease virus. In: Modern Approaches to Vaccines, R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1984, p. 87.
146	Shinnick, T.M., J.G. Sutcliffe, N. Green, J.L. Bittle, H. Alexander, R.A. Lerner, J.L. Gerin, D.J. Rolands, and F. Brown. Molecular basis of antivirus serotype specificity. In: Modern Approaches to Vaccines, R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, 1984, p. 65.
147	Seiden, M.V., B. Clevinger, S. McMillan, A. Srouji, R. Lerner, and J. Davie. Chemical synthesis of idiotypes: Evidence that antisera to the same JH1 peptide to detect multiple binding site-associated idiotypes. J. Exp. Med. 159:1338-1350, 1984.
148	Lerner, R.A. Antibodies of predetermined specificity. Advances in Immunology 36:1-44, 1984.
149	Gerin, J.L., R.A. Lerner, and R.H. Purcell. Alternative sources of hepatitis B vaccine. Develop. Biol. Standard 54:135-137, 1983.
150	Wilson, I.A., H.L. Niman, R.A. Houghten, A.R. Cherenson, M.L. Connolly, and R.A. Lerner. The structure of an antigenic determinant in a protein. Cell 37:767-778, 1984.
151	Sutcliffe, J.G., R.J. Milner, J.M. Gottesfeld, and R.A. Lerner. Identifier sequences are transcribed specifically in brain. Nature 308:237-241, 1984.
152	Dillner, J., L. Sternas, B. Kallin, H. Alexander, Ehlin-Henriksson, H. Jornvall, G. Klein, and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies against a synthetic peptide identify the Epstein-Barr virus determined nuclear antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:4652-4656, 1984.
153	Lamb, J.R., E.D. Zanders, P. Lake, R.G. Webster, D.D. Eckels, J.N. Woody, N. Green, R.A. Lerner and M. Feldmann. Inhibition of T cell proliferation by antibodies to synthetic peptides. Eur. J. Immol. 14:153-157, 1984.
154	Gerin, J.L., R.H. Purcell, and R.A. Lerner. Recombinant DNA and synthetic peptide approaches to HBV vaccine development: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in chimpanzees. In: Modern Approaches to Vaccines, R.A. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1984, p. 115.
155	Niman, H.L., B.R. Hough-Evans, V.D. Vacquier, R.J. Britten, R.A. Lerner, and E.H. Davidson. Proteins of the sea urchin egg vitelline layer. Developmental Biology 102:390-401, 1984.
156	Shinnick, T.M. and R.A. Lerner. The structure of proteins in solution as revealed by antibodies to predetermined sites. Immunology Convocation, 1984.
157	Tainer, J.A., E.D. Getzoff, H. Alexander, R.A. Houghten, A.J. Olson, R.A. Lerner, and W.A. Hendrickson. The reactivity of anti-peptide antibodies is a function of the atomic mobility of sites in a protein. Nature 312:127-134, 1984.
158	Levy, D., R. Lerner, and M. Wilson. Gv-1 locus coordinately regulates the expression of multiple endogenous murine retroviruses. Cell, 1984.
159	Shinnick, T.M. and R.A. Lerner. The immunology of synthetic peptides. In: Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology, 1984.
160	Tainer, J.A., E.D. Getzoff, Y. Paterson, A.J. Olson, and R.A. Lerner. The atomic mobility component of protein antigenicity. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 3:501-535, 1985.
161	Getzoff, E.D., J.A. Tainer, and R.A. Lerner. The chemistry of antigen-antibody union. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Leucocyte Culture Conference, 1984.
162	Lamb, J.R., M. Feldman, N. Green, and R.A. Lerner. The influence of antigen conformation on the activation and induction of unresponsiveness in cloned human T lymphocytes, 1984.
163	Gerin, J.L., R.H. Purcell, and R.A. Lerner. The use of synthetic peptides to identify protective epitopes of the hepatitis B surface antigen. Vaccines, 1984.
164	Moriarty, A.M., H. Alexander, G.B. Thornton, and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies to peptides detect new hepatitis B antigen: Serological correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma. Science 227:429-433, 1985.
165	Lerner, R.A. and T.M. Shinnick. The structure of proteins in solution as revealed by antibodies to predetermined sites. 9th Int. Convoc. Immunol., Buffalo, New York, 1984, p. 50.
166	MacFarlan, R.I., B. Dietzschold, T.J. Wiktor, M. Kiel, R. Houghten, R.A. Lerner, J.G. Sutcliffe and H. Koprowski. T-cell responses to cleaved rabies virus glycoprotein and to synthetic peptides. J. Immunol. 133:2745, 1984.
167	Shinnick, T.M., J.G. Sutcliffe, and R.A. Lerner. The structure and functional determinants of proteins as revealed by antibodies to predetermined sites. In: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 1984.
168	MacFarlan, R.I., B. Dietzschold, H. Koprowski, M. Kiel, R. Houghten, R.A. Lerner and J.G. Sutcliffe. Localization of the immunodominant domains of rabies virus glycoprotein. In: Modern Approaches to Vaccines, R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Press 1984, pp. 139-143.
169	Levy, D.E., R.A. Lerner, and M.C. Wilson. The Gv-1 locus coordinately regulates the expression of multiple endogenous murine retroviruses. Cell 41:89, 1985.
170	Levy, D.E., R.A. Lerner, and M.C. Wilson. Normal expression of polymorphic endogenous retroviral RNA containing segments identical to MCF virus. J. Virology 56:691-700, 1985.
171	Wilson, I.A., D.H. Haft, E.D. Getzoff, J.A. Tainer, R.A. Lerner, and S. Brenner. Identical short peptide sequences in unrelated proteins can have different conformations: A testing ground for theories of immune recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:5255-5259, 1985.
172	Shinnick, T.M., J.G. Sutcliffe, and R.A. Lerner. The structure and functional determinants of proteins as revealed by antibodies to predetermined sites. In: Modern Biotechnology and Health: Perspectives for the Year 2000, ed., M. Patarroyo, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, Florida, 1986.
173	Dillner, J., B. Kallin, G. Klein, H. Jornvall, H. Alexander, and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies against synthetic peptides react with the second Epstein-Barr virus associated nuclear antigen. The EMBO J. 4:1813-1818, 1985.
174	Houghten, R.A., R.A. Lerner, S.R. Hoffmann, P.A. Worrell, P. Wright, and F.A. Klipstein. Completely synthetic vaccine effective against heterologous enterotosigenic escherichia coli. In: Vaccines 85, Molecular and Chemical Basis of Resistance to Parasitic, Bacterial, and Viral Diseases, R.A. Lerner, R.M. Chanock, and F. Brown, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, 1985, pp. 91-94.
175	Francis, M.J., C.M. Fry, D.J. Rowlands, F.Brown, J.L. Bittle, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Priming with peptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus. In: Vaccines 85, Molecular and Chemical Basis of Resistance to Parasitic, Bacterial, and Viral Diseases, R.A. Lerner, R.M. Chanock, and F. Brown, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, 1985, pp. 203-210.
176	Perry, N.R., E.J. Ouldridge, P.V. Barnett, D.J. Rowlands, F. Brown, J.L. Bittle, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Identification of neutralizing epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. In: Vaccines 85, Molecular and Chemical Basis of Resistance to Parasitic, Bacterial, and Viral Diseases, R.A. Lerner, R.M. Chanock, and F. Brown, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, 1985, pp. 211-216.
177	Milich, D.R., D.L. Peterson, G.G. Leroux-Roels, R.A. Lerner, and F.V. Chisari. Genetic regulation of the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG). J. Immunol. 134:4203, 1985.
178	Dyson, H.J., K.J. Cross, R.A. Houghten, I.A. Wilson, P.E. Wright, and R.A. Lerner. The immunodominant site of a synthetic immunogen has a conformational preference in water for a type II reverse turn. Nature 318:480-483,1985.
179	Dillner, J., L. Eliasson, L. Sternas, B. Kallin, G. Klein, and R.A. Lerner. The use of antibodies against synthetic peptides for studying the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen. In: EBV and Associated Diseases, P. Levine et al, eds., Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston, 1985, pp. 446-455.
180	Francis, M.J., C.M. Fry, D.J. Rowlands, F. Brown, J.L. Bittle, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Immunological priming with synthetic peptides of foot-And-mouth and-mouth disease virus. J. Gen. Virol. 66:2347-2354, 1985.
181	Dyson, H.J., K.J. Cross, J. Ostresh, R.A. Houghten, I.A. Wilson, P.E. Wright, and R.A. Lerner. Selection by site-directed antibodies of small regions of peptides which are ordered in water. "Synthetic peptides as antigens," Ciba Foundation Symposium 119, John Wiley & Sons, 1986, Chichester, pp. 58-75.
182	Niman, H.L., A.M.H. Thompson, A. Yu, M. Markman, J.J. Willems, K.R. Herwig, N.A. Habib, C.B. Wood, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Anti-Peptide peptide antibodies detect oncogene-related proteins in urine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7924-7928, 1985.
183	Getzoff, E.D., J.A. Tainer, and R.A. Lerner. The chemistry of antigen-antibody union. In: Immune Regulation, M. Feldmann and N.A. Mitchison, eds., The Humana Press, 1985, pp. 243-258.
184	Wright, P.E., H.J. Dyson, M. Rance, J. Ostresh, R.A. Houghten, I.A. Wilson, and R.A. Lerner. Antipeptide antibodies and the disorder-order phenomenon. In: New Approaches to Immunization, F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, and R.A. Lerner, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York, 1986, pp. 15-19.
185	Seiden, M.V., R. Heuckeroth, B. Clevinger, S. McMillan, R. A. Lerner, and J.M. Davie. Hypervariable region peptides variably induce specific anti-Idiotypic idiotypic antibodies: An approach to determining antigenic dominance. J. Immunol. 136:582-587, 1986.
186	Dyson, H.J., M. Rance, R.A. Houghten, P.E. Wright, and R.A. Lerner. The order-disorder paradox in antigen-antibody union: Anti-peptide antibodies as a probe for structural regions of small peptides. "Biological Organization: Macromolecular Interactions at High Resolution," Eds. R.M. Burnett and H.J. Vogel, Academic Press, pp. 227-234, 1986.
187	Dillner, J., B. Kallin, H. Alexander, I. Ernberg, M. Uno, Y. Ono, G. Klein, and R. Lerner. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - determined nuclear antigen (EBNA-5) partly encoded by the transformation-associated Bam WYH region of EBV DNA: Preferential expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:6641-6645, 1986.
188	Kohan, S., B. Froysa, E. Cederlund, T. Fairwell, R.A. Lerner, J. Johansson, S. Khan, M. Ritzen, H. Jornvall, S. Cekan, and E. Diczfalusy. Peptides of postulated inhibit activity. Lack of in Vitro inhibit activity of a 94-residue peptide isolated from human seminal plasma, and of a synthetic replicate of its C-terminal 28-residue segment. FEBS 199:242-248, 1986.
189	Tramontano, A., K.D. Janda, and R.A. Lerner. Chemical reactivity at an antibody binding site elicited by mechanistic design of a synthetic antigen. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 83:6736-6740, 1986.
190	Ouldridge, E.J., N.R. Parry, P.V. Barnett, C. Bolwell, D.J. Rowlands, F. Brown, J.L. Bittle, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Comparison of the structures of the major antigenic sites of foot-and-mouth disease viruses of two different serotypes. In: New Approaches to Immunization, F. Brown, R.M. Chanock, R.A. Lerner, eds., Cold Spring Harbor Pres, New York, 1986, pp. 45-49.
191	Ackermann, M., J. Chou, M. Sarmiento, R.A. Lerner, and B. Roizman. Identification by antibody to a synthetic peptide of a protein specified by a diploid gene located in the terminal repeats of the L component of herpes simplex virus genome. J. Virology 58:843-850, 1986.
192	Francis, M.J., C.M. Fry, D.J. Rowlands, F. Brown, J.L. Bittle, R. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Immune response to uncoupled peptides of foot-and-mouth disease. J. Immunology 61:1-6, 1987.
193	Shinnick, T.M. and R.A. Lerner. Anti-peptide antibodies: Some practical considerations. In: Concepts in Clinical Pathogenesis II, Springer-Verlag, 1986, pp. 331-335.
194	Shinnick, T.M. and R.A. Lerner. Site directed antibodies in biology and medicine. In: A Revolution in Biotechnology, J.L. Marx, ed., Cambridge University Press, 1986.
195	Sternas, L., L. Eliasson, R.A. Lerner, and G. Klein. Quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) by a two-site enzyme immunoassay, in parallel with EBV-DNA. J. Immunological Methods 89:151-158, 1986.
196	Dillner, J., R. Szigeti, W. Henle, G. Henle, R.A. Lerner, and G. Klein. Cellular and humoral immune responses to synthetic peptides deduced from the amino acid sequences of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded proteins in EBV transformed cells. International J. Cancer.
197	Tramontano, A., K.D. Janda, and R.A. Lerner. Catalytic antibodies. Science 234:1566-1570, 1986.
198	Norrby, E., M.A. Mufson, H. Alexander, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Site directed serology with synthetic peptides representing the large glycoprotein (G) of respiratory syncytial virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6572-6576, 1987
199	Geysen, H.M., J.A. Tainer, S.J. Rodda, T.J. Mason, H. Alexander, E.D. Getzoff, and R.A. Lerner. Chemistry of antibody binding to a protein. Science 235:1184-1190, 1987.
200	Getzoff, E.D., H.M. Geysen, S.J. Rodda, H. Alexander, J.A. Tainer, and R.A. Lerner. Mechanisms of antibody binding to a protein. Science 235:1191, 1987.
201	Ray, J. and R.A. Lerner. Cellular interaction in the Morphogenesis of Dictyostelium discoideum. In: Invertebrate Models: Cell Receptors and Cell Communication, Greenberg, ed., S. Karger, Basel, Switzerland, 1987, pp. 118-142.
202	Wright, P.E., H.J. Dyson, M. Rance, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Identification of folded structures in immunogenic peptides by 2D NMR spectroscopy. In: Protides of the Biological Fluids, vol. 35, 1987, pp 477-480.
203	Lai, E.C.H., E.A. Kabat, J. Meienhofer, E.P. Heimer, A.J. `Olson, and R.A. Lerner. Inhibition of phosphorylcholine binding to antibodies using synthetic peptides. Nature 325:168, 1987.
204	Arrhenius, T., R.A. Lerner, and A.C. Satterthwait. The chemical synthesis of structured peptides using covalent hydrogen-bond mimics. In: Protein Structure and Design (UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology), Volume 69, D. Oxender (ed.), Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, NY 1987.
205	Norrby, E., G. Biberfeld, F. Chiodi, A. Von Gegerfeldt, A. Naucler, E. Parks, and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies to HIV and to related retroviruses using site-Directed directed serology. Nature 329:248-250, 1987.
206	Lerner, R.A., and A. Tramontano. Antibodies as enzymes. TIBS 12:427-430, 1987.
207	Napper, A.D., S.J. Benkovic, A. Tramontano, and R.A. Lerner. A stereospecific cyclization catalyzed by an antibody. Science 237:1041-1043, 1987.
208	Tramontano, A. and R.A. Lerner. Catalytic antibodies. Scientific American 256:58-70, 1988.
209	Johnson, P.R., D.E. Parks, E. Norrby, R.A. Lerner, R.H. Purcell, and R.M. Chanock. Site-directed ELISA identifies a highly antigenic region of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein. AIDS Res. and Human Retroviruses 4:159-164, 1988.
210	Norrby, E., G. Biberfeld, F. Chiodi, M.A. Mufson, E. Parks, and R.A. Lerner. Type-specific site-directed HIV serology. CSH Vaccines, 1988.
211	Ebina, S., R.A. Lerner, and P.E. Wright. Chemical modification of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor for single site coupling of immunogenic peptides for NMR conformational analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 264:7882-7888, 1989.
212	Dyson, H.J., R.A. Lerner, and P.E. Wright. On the physical basis for induction of protein-reactive anti-peptide antibodies. Ann. Rev. Biophysics 17:305- 324, 1988.
213	Tramontano, A., K.D. Janda, A.D. Napper, S.J. Benkovic, and R.A. Lerner. Catalytic Antibodies. CSH Vaccines Vol. III, pp. 91-96, 1988.
214	Ricksten, A., B. Kallin, H. Alexander, J. Dillner, R. Fahraevs, G. Klein, R.A. Lerner, and L.Rymo. The BamHI E region of the Epstein Barr virus genome encodes three transformation associated nuclear proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 85:995-999, 1988.

215	Satterthwait, A., T. Arrhenius, R. Hagopian F. Zavala, V. Nussenzweig, and R.A. Lerner. The conformational restriction of peptidyl immunogens with covalent replacements for the hydrogen bond. Nobel Symposium, Vaccine Vol. 6, 99-103, April, 1988.
216	Dyson, H.J., M. Rance, R.A. Houghten, R.A. Lerner, and P.E. Wright. Folding of peptide fragments of proteins in water solution 1. Sequence requirements for the formation of a reverse turn. Journal of Molecular Biology 201:161-200, 1988.
217	Dyson, H.J., M. Rance, R.A. Houghten, P.E. Wright, and R.A. Lerner. Folding of peptide fragments of proteins in water solution 2. The nascent helix. Journal of Molecular Biology 201:201-217, 1988.
218	Tramontano, A., A. Ammann, and R.A. Lerner. Antibody catalysis approaching the activity of enzymes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110:2282-2286, 1988.
219	Field, J., J. Nikawa, D. Broek, B. MacDonald, L. Rodgers, I.A. Wilson, R.A. Lerner, and M. Wigler. Purification of a RAS responsive adenylate cyclase complex from saccharomyces cerevisiae using an antigen fusion-immunoaffinity method. Mol. Cellular Biology 8:2159-2165, 1988.
220	Benkovic, S. and R.A. Lerner. Principles of antibody catalysis. BioEssays 9:107-112, 1988.
221	Fieser, T., J. Tainer, M. Geysen, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Influence of Protein flexibility and peptide conformation on reactivity of monoclonal anti-peptide antibodies with a protein x-helix. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:8568-8572, 1987.
222	Getzoff, E., J. Tainer, R.A. Lerner and M. Geysen. The chemistry and mechanism of antibody binding to proteins antigens. Advances in Immunology 43:1-98, 1988.
223	Janda, K.D., R.A. Lerner, and A. Tramontano. Antibody catalysis of bimolecular amide formation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110:4835-4837, 1988.
224	Benkovic, S.J., A.D. Napper, and R.A. Lerner. Catalysis of a stereospecific bimolecular reaction by an antibody. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5355-5358, 1988.
225	Wright, E.P., H.J. Dyson, and R.A. Lerner. Conformation of Peptide Fragments of Proteins in Aqueous Solution: Implications for Initiation of Protein Folding. Biochemistry 27:7167-7175,1988.
226	Janda, K.D., D. Schloeder, S.J. Benkovic, and R.A. Lerner. Induction of an antibody which catalyzes hydrolysis of an amide bond. Science 241:1188-1191, 1988.
227	Wright, P.E., J.H. Dyson and R.A. Lerner. Folding of peptide fragments of proteins in water solution. "Protein Folding. Deciphering the Second Half of the Genetic Code", Eds. J.A. King and L.M. Gierasch AAAS pp. 95-102, 1988.
228	Waltho, J.P., R.A. Lerner, and P.E. Wright. Conformation of a T cell stimulating peptide in aqueous solution. FEBS Lett. 250:400-404, 1989.
229	Ebina, S., R.A. Lerner, and P.E. Wright. Chemical modification of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor for single site coupling of immunogenic peptides for NMR conformational analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 264:7882-7888, 1989.
230	Tsang, P., T.M. Fieser, J.M. Ostresh, R.A. Lerner, and P. Wright. Isotope-edited NMR studies of fab'-peptide complexes. Peptide Research 1:1-5, 1988.
231	Iverson, B. and R.A. Lerner. Sequence specific peptide cleavage catalyzed by an antibody. Science 243:1184-1188, 1989.
232	Janda, K.D., S.J. Benkovic, and R.A. Lerner. Catalytic antibodies with lipase activity and R and S substrate selectivity. Science 244:437-440, 1989
233	Schwabacher, A.W., M.I. Weinhouse, M.T.M. Auditor, and R.A. Lerner. Metalloselective anti-porphyrin monoclonal antibodies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111:2344-2346, 1989
234	Tsang, P., T.M. Fieser, J.M. Ostresh, R.A. Houghten, R.A. Lerner, and P.E. Wright. Solution NMR studies of FAB'-peptide complexes. Frontiers of NMR in Molecular Biology 63-73, ed. Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1990.
235	Wright, P.E., H.J. Dyson, V.A. Feher, L.L. Tennant, J.P. Waltho, R.A. Lerner, and D.A. Case. Folding of peptide fragments of proteins in aqueous solution. "Frontiers of NMR in Molecular Biology", UCLA Symposium on Molecular and Cellular Biology, New Series, Eds. D. Live, I. Armitage and D. Patel, Vol 109, pp. 1-13, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1990.
236	Sastry, L., M. Alting-Mees, W.D. Huse, J. M. Short, J.A. Sorge, B.N. Hay, K.D. Janda, S.J. Benkovic, and R.A. Lerner. Cloning of the immunological repertoire in Escherichia Coli for generation of monoclonal catalytic antibodies: Construction of a heavy chain variable region-specific cDNA library. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5728-5732, 1989.
237	Norrby, E., E.D. Parks, G. Utter, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. Immunochemistry of the dominating antigenic region Ala582 to Cys604 in the transmembranous protein of simian and human immunodeficiency virus. J. Immunol. 143:3602-3608, 1989.
238	Grove, A. and R.A. Lerner. Catalytic antibodies the effect of binding interactions in catalysis. Nordisk Insulin Symposium No. 2, of Molecular Mimicry in Health and Disease, 1988.
239	Dillner, J., L. Dillner, J. Robb, J. Willems, I. Jones, W. Lancater, R. Smith and R.A. Lerner. A synthetic peptide defines a serologic IgA response to a human papillomavirus-encoded nuclear antigen expressed in virus-carrying cervical neoplasia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA 86:3838-3841, 1989.
240	Norrby, E., G. Biberfeld, P.R. Johnson, E.D. Parks, R.A. Houghten, and R.A. Lerner. The chemistry of site-directed serology for HIV infections. AIDS Res. Human Retrov. 5:473-479, 1989.
241	Stura, E.A., R.L. Stanfield, T.M. Fieser, R.S. Balderas, L.R. Smith, R.A. Lerner, and I.A. Wilson. Preliminary crystallographic data and primary sequence for an anti-peptide Fab' and its complex with the C-helix peptide from myohemerythrin. J. Biological Chemistry 264:15721-15725, 1989.
242	Wright, P.E., R.A. Lerner, and J.H. Dyson. Folding of peptide fragments of proteins in water solution: Implications for initiation of protein folding. Advances in Protein Design ed. H. Blocker, J. Collins, R.D. Schmid, D. Schomburg, VCH Publishing, pp. 13-19, 1989.
243	Stopner, A., G. Utter, M.A. Mufson, C. Orvell, R.A. Lerner, and E. Norrby. A subgroup-specific antigenic site in the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus forms a disulfide-bonded loop. J. Virology 64:5143-5148, 1990.
244	Satterthwait, A.C., T. Arrhenius, R.A. Hogopian, F. Zavala, V. Nussenzweig, and R.A. Lerner. The conformational restriction of synthetic peptides, including a malaria peptide, for use as immunogens. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 323:565-572, 1989.
245	Wright, P.W., H.J. Dyson, R.A. Lerner, L. Riechmann, and P. Tsang. Antigen-Antibody interactions: An NMR approach. Biochemical Pharmacology 40:83-88, 1990.
246	Iverson, S.A., L. Sastry, W.D. Huse, J.A. Sorge, S.B. Benkovic, and R.A. Lerner. A combinatorial system for cloning and expressing the catalytic antibody repertoire in E. coli. CSH Symp. on Quantitative Biology, Vol. LIV. pp. 273-281, 1989.
247	Alexander, H., Alexander, S., Heffron, F., Fieser, T.M., Hay, B.N., Getzoff, E.D., Tainer, J.A., and Lerner, R.A. Synthesis and Characterization of a recombinant myohemerythrin protein encoded by a synthetic gene. Gene 99:151-156, 1991.
248	Janda, K.D., M.I. Weinhouse, D.M. Schloeder, S.J. Benkovic, and R.A. Lerner. Bait and switch strategy for obtaining catalytic antibodies with acyl-transfer capabilities. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 112:1274, 1989.
249	Huse, W.D., L. Sastry, S.A. Iverson, A.S. Kang, M. Alting-Mees, D.R. Burton, S.J. Benkovic, and R.A. Lerner. Generation of a large combinatorial library of the immunoglobulin repertoire in phage lambda. Science 246:1275-1281, 1989.
250	Stanfield, R.L, T.M. Fieser, R.A. Lerner, and I.A. Wilson. Crystal structures of an antibody and its complex with peptide antigen at 2.8 Å. Science 248:712-719, 1990.
251	Dyson, J.H., A.C. Satterthwait, R.A. Lerner, and P.E. Wright. Conformational Preferences of synthetic peptides derived from the immunodominate site of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum by 1H NMR. Biochemistry 29:7828-7837, 1990.
252	Schultz, P.G., R.A. Lerner, and S.J. Benkovic. Catalytic antibodies. Chemical and Engin. News, 68:26-40, 1990.
253	Persson, M.A.A. and R.A. Lerner. Increased yield of antibody-producing murine spleen cell hybridomas from fusions cultured in medium supplemented with mouse serum. J. Immunological Methods, 127:39-42, 1990.
254	Lerner, R.A. and S.J. Benkovic. Observations in the interface between immunology and chemistry. Chemtracts-Organic Chemistry, 3:1-36, 1990.
255	Iverson, B.L., S.A. Iverson, V.A. Roberts, E.D. Getzoff, J.A. Tainer, S.J.Benkovic and R.A. Lerner. Metalloantibodies. Science 249:659-662, 1990.
256	Roberts,V.A., B.L. Iverson, S.A. Iverson, S.J. Benkovic, R.A. Lerner, E.D. Getzoff and J.A. Tainer. Antibody remodeling: A general solution to the design of a metal-coordination site in an antibody binding pocket. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6654-6658, 1990.
257	Benkovic, S.J., J.A. Adams, C.L. Borders, Jr., K.D. Janda, and R.A. Lerner. The enzymic nature of antibody catalysis: Evolution of multistep kinetic processing. Science 250:1135-1138, 1990.
258	Janda, K.D., J.A. Ashley, T.M. Jones, D.A. McLeod, D.M. Schloeder, M.I. Weinhouse, R.A. Lerner, R.A. Gibbs, P.A. Benkovic, R. Hilhorst and S.J. Benkovic. Catalytic antibodies with acyl transfer capabilities: Mechanistic and kinetic investigations. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:291-297, 1991.
259	Janda, K.D., S.J. Benkovic, D.A. McLeod, D.M. Schloeder and R.A. Lerner. Substrate Attenuation: An approach to improve antibody catalysis. Tetrahedron 47:2503-2506, 1991.
260	Lerner, R.A., S.J. Benkovic and P.G. Schultz. At the crossroads of chemistry and immunology: Catalytic Antibodies. Science 252:659-667, 1991.
261	Dyson, H.J., E. Norrby, M. Feinstein, D.E. Parks, R.A. Lerner and P.E. Wright. Immunogenic peptides corresponding to the dominant antigenic region Ala597 to Cys619 in the transmembranous protein of simian immunodeficiency virus have a propensity to fold in aqueous solutoin. Biochemistry Vol. 31, No. 5 pp. 1458-1463, 1992.
262	Kang, A.S., C.F. Barbas, K.D. Janda, S.J. Benkovic and R.A. Lerner. Linkage of recognition and replication functions by assembling combinatorial antibody fab libraries along phage surfaces. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4363-4366, 1991.
263	Wirsching, P., J.A. Ashley, S.J. Benkovic, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. An unexpectedly efficient catalytic antibody operating by ping-pong and induced fit mechanisms. Science 252:680-685, 1991.
264	Ikeka, S., M.I. Weinhouse, K.D. Janda, R.A. Lerner and S.J. Danishefsky. Asymmetric induction via a catalytic antibody. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:7763-7764, 1991.
265	Fujii, I., R.A. Lerner, and K.D. Janda. Enantiofacial protonation by catalytic antibodies. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:8528-8529, 1991.
266	Barbas, C., A.S. Kang, R.A. Lerner and S.J. Benkovic. Assembly of combinatorial antibody libraries on phage surfaces: The gene III site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:7978-7982, 1991.
267	Tsang, P., M. Rance, T.M. Fieser, J.M. Ostresh, R.A. Houghten, R.A. Lerner and P.E. Wright. Conformation and Dynamics of an Fab'-bound peptide by isotope-edited NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 31:3862-3871, 1992.
268	Benkovic, S.J., J. Adams, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. A catalytic antibody uses a multistep kinetic sequence. Ciba Foundation Symposium 159, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 4-12, 1991.
269	Sastry, L., M. Mubaraki, K.D. Janda, S.J. Benkovic and R.A. Lerner. Screening combinatorial antibody libraries for catalytic acyl transfer reaction. Ciba Foundation Symposium 159, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 145-155, 1991.
270	Iverson, B.L., S.A. Iverson, K.E. Cameron, G.K. Jahangiri, D.S. Pasternak and R.A. Lerner. Tritylase antibodies. Ciba Foundation Symposium 159, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 227-235, 1991.
271	Burton, D.R., C.F. Barbas III, M.A.A. Persson, S. Koenig, R.M. Chanock and R.A. Lerner. A large array of human monoclonal antibodies to HIV-1 from combinatorial libraries of asymptomatic seropositive individuals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:10134-10137, 1991.
272	Reymond, J.L., K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Antibody catalysis of glycosidic bond hydrolysis. Angewandte Chemie Int, Ed. Engl. Vol. 30 No. 12 pp. 1711-1713, 1991.
273	Lerner, R.A., C.F. Barbas, III, A.S. Kang and D.R. Burton. On the use of combinatorial antibody libraries to clone the "Fossil Record" of an individual's immune response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:9705-9706, 1991.
274	Gibbs, R.A., P.A. Benkovic, K.D. Janda, R.A. Lerner and S.J. Benkovic. Substituent effects on an antibody-catalyzed hydrolysis of phenyl esters: Further evidence for an acyl-antibody intermediate. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114:3528-3534, 1992.
275	Kang, A.S., D.R. Burton and R.A. Lerner. Combinatorial immunoglobulin libraries in phage. Methods Vol. 2, No. 2, 111-118, (ed: Lerner and Burton) 1991.
276	Zebedee, S.L., C.F. Barbas, III., Y.-L. Hom, R.H. Caothein, R. LaPolla, D.R. Burton, R.A. Lerner and G.B. Thornton. Human combinatorial libraries to hepatitis B surface antigen: Expression on the phage surface. CSH Symposium, 1991.
277	Barbas III, C.F and Richard Lerner. Combinatorial immunoglobulin libraries on the surface of phage (Phabs): Rapid selection of antigen-specific Fabs. Methods Vol. 2, No. 2, 119-124, (ed: Lerner and Burton) 1991.
278	Reymond, Jean-Louis, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Highly Enantioselective protonation catalyzed by an antibody. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114:2257-2258, 1992.
279	Alexander, H., S. Alexander, E. Getzoff, J.A. Tainer, H.M. Geysen and R.A. Lerner. Altering the antigenicity of proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:3352-3356,1991.
280	Zebedee, S.L., C.F. Barbas III, Y.-L. Hom, R.H. Coathien, R. LaPolla, D.R. Burton, R.A. Lerner, and G.B. Thomton. Human combinatorial antibody libraries to hepatitis B surface antigen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:3175-3179, 1991.
281	Gram, Hermann, L.A. Marconi, C.F. Barbas III, T.A. Collet, R.A. Lerner and A.S. Kang. In vitro selection and affinity maturation of antibodies from a naive combinatorial immunoglobulin library. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:3576-3580, 1992.
282	Lerner, R.A. and K.D. Janda. Abzymes and Enzymes. The Chem. Soc. of Japan 52-56, 1991.
283	Barbas, III, C.F., J.D. Bain, D.M. Hoekstra and R.A. Lerner. Semi-synthetic combinatorial antibody libraries: A chemical solution to the diversity problem. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:4457-4461, 1992.
284	Brenner, S., R.A. Lerner. Encoded combinatorial chemistry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:5381-5383,1992.
285	Fernholz, E., D. Schloeder, K. K.-C. Liu, C.W. Bradshaw, H. Huang, K. Janda, C.H. Wong and R.A. Lerner. Specificity of antibody-catalyzed transesterifications using enol esters: A comparison with lipase reactions. J. Organic Chem., 57:4756-4761, 1992.
286	Wade, W., J.S. Koh, N. Han, D.M. Hoekstra and R.A. Lerner. Engineering metal coordination sites into the antibody light chain. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:4449-4456, 1993.
287	Light, J. and R.A. Lerner. Phophabs: Antibody-phage alkaline phosphatase conjugates for one step Elisas without immunization. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, No. 9, 1073-1078, 1992.
288	Collet, T.A., P. Roben, R.O.Kennedy, C.F. Barbas, III, D.R. Burton and R.A.Lerner. A binary plasmid system for shuffling combinatorial antibody libraries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:10026-10030, 1992.
289	Janda, K.D., C.G. Shevlin and R.A. Lerner. Antibody catalysis of a disfavored chemical transformation. Science, 259:490-493,1993.
290	Y.-C. Jack Chen, T. Danon, L. Sastry, M. Mubaraki, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Catalytic Antibodies from combinatorial libraries. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:357-358, 1993.
291	Reymond, J.-L., G.K. Jahanghiri, C. Stoudt and R.A. Lerner. Antibody catalyzed hydrolysis of enol ethers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115:3909-3917, 1993.
292	Sarvetnick, N., D. Gurushantahaiah, N. Han, J. Prudent, P. Schultz and R.A. Lerner. Increasing the chemical potential of the germ-line antibody repertoire. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:4008-4011, 1993.
293	Lerner, R.A., A.S. Kang, J.D. Bain, D.R. Burton and C.F. Barbas, III. Antibodies without immunization. Science, 258:1313-1314, 1992.
294	Wade, W.S., J.A. Ashley, G.K. Jahangiri, G. McElhaney, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. A highly specific metal activated catalytic antibody. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115:4906-4907, 1993.
295	Barbas,III, C.F., J.S. Rosenblum and R.A. Lerner. Direct selection of antibodies that coordinate metals from semisynthetic combinatorial libraries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90:6385-6389, 1993.
296	Na, J., K.N. Houk, C.G. Shevlin, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. The energetic advantage of 5-EXO versus 6-ENDO epoxide openings: A preference overwhelmed by antibody catalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115:8453-8454, 1993.
297	Lerner, R.A. and P.G. Schultz. Antibody catalysis of difficult chemical transformations. Acc. Chem. Res. 26:391-395, 1993.
298	Barbas, C.F., III, W. Amberg, A. Simoncsits, T.M. Jones and R.A. Lerner. Selection of human anti-hapten antibodies from semisynthetic libraries. Gene 137:57-62, 1993.
299	Gouverneur, V.E., K.N. Houk, B.de Pascual-Teresa, B. Beno, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Control of the exo and endo pathways of the Diels-Alder Reaction by antibody catalysis. Science, 262:204-208, 1993.
300	Reymond, J.-L., J.-L. Reber and R.A. Lerner. Multigram scale synthesis using a catalytic antibody. Angewandte Chemie Int, Ed. Engl., 33. No. 4: 475-477, 1994.
301	Janda, K.D., C.-H.L. Lo, T. Li, C.F. Barbas, III, P. Wirsching and R.A. Lerner. Direct selection for a catalytic mechanism from combinatorial antibody libraries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 91:2532-2536, 1994.
302	Koch, A., J.-L. Reymond and R.A. Lerner. Antibody-catalyzed activation of unfunctionalized olefins for highly enantioselective asymmetric epoxidation. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116:803-804, 1993.
303	Li, T., K.D. Janda, J.A. Ashley and R.A. Lerner. Antibody catalyzed cationic cyclization. Science, 264:1289-1293, 1994
304	Cravatte, B.F., J.A. Ashley, K.D. Janda, D.L. Boger and R.A. Lerner. Crossing extreme mechanistic barriers by antibody catalysis: Syn elimination to a Cis olefin. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116:6013-6014, 1994
305	Chen, Y., J.-L. Reymond and R.A. Lerner. An antibody-catalyzed 1,2- rearrangement of carbon-carbon bonds. Angewandte Chemie Int, Ed. Engl., 33. No. 15/16, 1607-1609, 1994.
306	Lerner, R.A., G. Siuzdak, O. Prospero-Garcia, S. J. Henriksen, D.L. Boger and B. Cravatt. Cerebrodiene: A brain lipid isolated from sleep deprived cats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91:9505-9508, 1994.
307	Boger, D.L., R.A. Lerner, and B. Cravatt. Synthesis of a functionalized rigid bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane: A useful hapten for eliciting catalytic antibodies. J. Organic Chem., 59:5078-5079, 1994.
308	Janda, K.D., C.G. Shevlin and R.A. Lerner. Oxepane synthesis along a disfavored pathway: The rerouting of a chemical reaction using a catalytic antibody. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117:2659-2660, 1995.
309	Li, T., K.D. Janda, S. Hilton and R.A. Lerner. An antibody catalyzed nucleophilic substitution reaction at a primary carbon that appears to proceed by an ionizaiton mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117:2367-2368, 1995.
310	Fenniri, H., K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Encoded reaction cassette for the highly sensitive detection of the making and breaking of chemical bonds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92:2278-2282, 1995.
311	Cravatt, B.F., O. Prospero-Garcia, G. Siuzdak, N. B. Gilula, S.J. Henrikson, D.L. Boger and R.A. Lerner. Chemical characterization of a family of brain lipids that induce sleep. Science, 268:1506-1509, 1995.
312	Light, J. and R.A. Lerner. Random mutagenesis of staphylococcal nuclease and phage display selection. Bioorg. & Med. Chem. Vol. 3, No. 7, 955-967, 1995.
313	Rosenblum, J.S., L.-C. Lo, T. Li, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Antibody-catalyzed phosphate triesters hydrolysis. Angewandte Chemie Int, Ed. Engl., 34, No. 20, 2275-2277, 1995.
314	Koch, T., J.-L. Reymond and R.A. Lerner. Antibody catalysis of multistep reactions: an Aldol addition followed by a disfavored elimination. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117:9383-9387, 1995.
315	Schultz, P.G., and R.A. Lerner. From molecular diversity to catalysis: Lessons from the Immune system. Science, 269: 1835-1842, 1995.
316	Wagner, J., R.A. Lerner, C.F. Barbas. Efficient aldolase catalytic antibodies that use the enamine mechanism of natural enzymes. Science, 270:1797-1800, 1995.
317	Wirsching, P., J.A. Ashley, C.-H. L. Lo, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Reactive Immunization. Science, 270:1775-1782, 1995.
318	Cravatt, B.F., R.A. Lerner, D.L. Boger. Structure determination of an endogenous sleep-inducing lipid, cis-9-octadecenoamide (oleylamide): A synthetic approach to the chemical analysis of trace quantities of a natural product. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118:580-590, 1996
319	Li, T., K.D. Janda, R.A. Lerner. Cationic Cyclopropanation by antibody catalysis. Nature, 379:326-327, 1996.
320	Lerner, R.A. and C.F. Barbas, III. Using the process of reactive immunizaiton to induce catalytic antibodies with complex mechanisms: Aldolases. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 50:672-678, 1996.
321	Bahr, N., R. Guller, J.L. Reymond and R.A. Lerner. A nitrozyl synthase catalytic antibody. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118:3550-3555, 1996.
322	Patterson, J.E., I.R.Ollmann, B.F. Cravatt, D.L. Boger, C.H. Wong and R.A. Lerner. Inhibition of oleamide hydrolase catalyzed hydrolysis of the endogenous sleep-inducing lipid cis-9-octadecenamide. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118:5938-5945, 1996.
323	Hasserodt, J., K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Antibody catalyzed terpenoid cyclization. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118:11654-11655, 1996.
324	Lerner, R.A. and K.D. Janda. Catalytic antibodies: Evolution of protein function in real time. Interface Between Chemistry and Biochemistry, ed. By P. Jolles and H. Jornvall, Birkhauser Verlag Basel/Switzerland, 121-138, 1995.
325	Rosenblum, J.S., N.B. Gilula and R.A. Lerner. On signal sequence polymorphsms and diseases of distribution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, 93:4471-4473, 1996.
326	Bjornestedt, R., G. Zhong, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III Copying nature=s mechanism for the decarboxylation of β-ketoacids into catalytic antibodies by reactive immunization. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118:11720-11724, 1996.
327	Cravatt, B.F., D.K. Giang, S.P. Mayfield, D.L. Boger, R.A. Lerner and N.B. Gilula. Molecular characterization of an enzyme that degrades neuromodulatory fatty-acid amide. Nature, 384:83-87, 1996.
328	Wagner, J., R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Synthesis of five enantiomerically pure haptens designed for in vitro evolution of antibodies with peptidase activity. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 4:901-916, 1996.
329	Keinan, E. and R.A. Lerner. The first decade of antibody catalysis: Perspective and prospects. Israel Journal of Chemistry, 36:113-119, 1996.
330	Lo, C.-H.L., C. Gao, S. Mao, K. Matsui, R. A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. Chain shuffling: Investigations into the specificity and selectivity of antibody catalysis. Israel Journal of Chemistry, 36:195-198, 1996.
331	Hasserodt, J., K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Formation of bridge-methylated decalins by antibody-catalyzed tandem cationic cyclization. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119:5993-5998, 1997.
332	Janda, K.D., L.-C. Lo, C.-H. Lo, M.M. Sim, C.-H. Wong and R.A. Lerner. Chemical selection for catalysis in combinatorial antibody libraries. Science, 275:945-948, 1997.
333	Li, T., R.A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. Antibody-catalyzed cationic reactions: Rerouting of chemical Transformation via antibody catalysis. Acc. Chem. Res. 30:115-117, 1997.
334	Zhong, G., T. Hoffmann, R.A. Lerner, S. Danishefsky and C.F. Barbas, III. Antibody catalyzed enantioselective Robinson annulation. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119:8131-8132, 1997.
335	Lerner, R.A. A hypothesis about the endogenous analogues of general anesthesia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 94:13375-13377, 1997.
336	Boger, D.L., J.E. Patterson, X. Guan, B.F. Cravatt, R.A. Lerner and N.B. Gilula. Chemical requirements for inhibition of gap junction communication by the biologically active lipid oleamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 95:4810-4815, 1998.
337	Schroer, J., M. Sanner, J.-L. Reymond and R.A. Lerner. Design and synthesis of transition state analogs for induction of hydride transfer catalytic antibodies. J. Org. Chem. 62:3220-3229, 1997.
338	Lin, C.-H., T. Z. Hoffman, P. Wirsching, C.F. Barbas, III, K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. On roads not taken in the evolution of protein catalysts: Antibody steroid isomerases that use an enamine mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 94:11773-11776, 1997.
339	Gao, C., C.-H. Lin, C.-H. Lo, S. Mao, P. Wirsching, R.A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. Making chemistry selectable by linking it to infectivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 94:11777-11782, 1997.
340	Barbas, III, C.F., A. Heine, G. Zhong, T. Hoffmann, S. Gramatikova, R. Bjornestedt, B. List, J. Anderson, E.A., Stura, I.A. Wilson and R. A. Lerner. Immune versus natural selection: Antibody aldolases with enzymic rates but broader scope. Science, 278:2085-2098, 1997.
341	List, B., D. Shabat, C.F. Barbas, III and R.A. Lerner. Enantioselective total synthesis of some brevicomins using aldolase antibody 38C2. Chem. Eur. J.,4:881-885, 1998.
342	Guan, X., B.F. Cravatt, G.R. Ehring, J.E. Hall, D.L. Boger, R.A. Lerner and N.B. Gilula. The sleep-inducing lipid oleamide deconvolutes gap junction communication and calcium wave transmission in Glial Cells. The Journal of Cell Biology, 139:1-8, 1997.
343	Hoffmann, T., G. Zhong, B. List, D. Shabat, J. Anderson, S. Gramatikova, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Aldolase antibodies of remarkable scope. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120:2768-2779, 1998.
344	Finn, M.G., Lerner, R.A. and C.F. Barbas, III. Cofactor-induced refinement of catalytic antibody activity: A metal-specific allosteric effect. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120:2963-2964, 1998.
345	Zhong, G., D. Shabat, B. List, J. Anderson, S.C. Sinha, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Catalytic enantioselective retro-aldol reaction: Kinetic resolution of β-hydroxyketones with aldolase antibodies. Angewandte Chemie Int, Ed. Engl., 37, No. 18, 2481-2484, 1998.
346	Taylor, M.J., T.Z. Hoffman, J.T. Yli-Kauhaluoma, R.A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. A light-activated antibody catalyst. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,120:12783-12790, 1998.
347	Sinha, S., C., C.F. Barbas and R.A. Lerner. The antibody catalysis route to the total synthesis of epothilones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, 95:14603-14608, 1998.
348	List, Benjamin, C. F. Barbas III and R.A. Lerner. Aldol sensors for the rapid generation of turnable fluorescence by antibody catalysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95:15351-15355, 1998.
349	Lerner, Richard, C.F. Barbas III, and K.D. Janda. Making Enzymes. The Harvy Lecture Series, 92:1-40, 1998.
350	Grubber, K., B. Zhou, K.N. Houk, R.A. Lerner, C.G. Shevlin and I.A. Wilson. Structural basis for antibody catalysis of a disfavored ring closure reaction. Biochemistry, 38:7062-7074, 1999.

351	Shabat, D., B. List, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas III. A short enantioselective synthesis of 1-Deoxy-L-xylulose by antibody catalysis. Tetrahedron Letters, 40:1437-1440, 1999.
352	Gao, Changshou, Shenlan Mao, C.-H. L. Lo, P. Wirsching, R. A. Lerner and K.D.Janda. Making artificial antibodies: A new format for phage diplay of combinatorial heterodimeric arrays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96:6025-6030, 1999.
353	Shabat, D., C. Rader, B. List, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Multiple event activation of a generic produrg trigger by antibody catalysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96:6925-6930, 1999.
354	Zhong, G., R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Broadening the aldolase catalytic antibody repertoire by combining reactive immunization and transition state theory: New enantio-and diastereoselectivities., Angew. Chem., 38:3738-3741, 1999.
355	Paschall, C.M., J. Hasserodt, T. Jones, R.A. Lerner, K.D. Janda and D.W. Christianson. Convergence of catalytic antibody and terpene cyclase mechanisms: Polyene cyclization directed by carbocation-" interactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 38:1743-1747, 1999.
356	List, B., R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Enantioselective aldol cyclodehydrations catalyzed by antibody 38C2. Organic Letters, 1:59-61, 1999.
357	List, B., D. Shabat, G. Zhong, J.M. Turner, A. Li, T. Bui, J. Anderson, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. A catalytic enantioselective route to hydroxy-substituted quaternary carbon centers: Resolution of tertiary aldols with a catalytic antibody. J. Am. Chem. Society, 121:7283-7291, 1999.
358	Lerner, R.A., R.J. Glassock and F.J. Dixon. The role of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody in the pathogenesis of human glomerulonephritis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrology, 10:1389-1404, 1999.
359	Tanaka, F., R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Thiazolium-dependent catalytic antibodies produced using a covalent modification strategy. Chemistry Communication, 1383-1384, 1999.
360	Tanaka, F., H. Almer, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Catalytic single-chain antibody possessing _-lactamase activity selected from a phage displayed combinatorial library using a mechanism-based inhibitor. Tetrahedron Letters, 40:8063-8066, 1999.
361	Sinha, S., J.Sun, G. Miller, C.F. Barbas, III and R.A. Lerner. Sets of aldolase antibodies with antipodal reactivities. Formal synthesis of epothilone E by large-scale antibody-catalyzed resolution of thiazole aldol. Organic Letters, 1:1623-1626, 1999.
362	List, B., R.A. Lerner, C.F. Barbas, III. Proline-catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reactions. J. Am. Chem. Society, 122:2395-2396, 2000.
363	Ly, D., D.J. Lockhart, R.A. Lerner and P.G. Schultz. Mitotic misregulation and human aging. Science, 287:2486-2492, 2000.
364	Karlstrom, A., G. Zhong, C. Rader, N. Larsen, A. Heine, R. Fuller, B. List, F. Tanaka, I.A. Wilson, C.F. Barbas, III and R.A. Lerner. Using antibody catalysis to study the outcome of multiple evolutionary trials of a chemical task. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 97:3878-3883, 2000.
365	Tanaka, F., R.A. Lerner, C.F. Barbas, III. Reconstructing Aldolase antibodies to alter their substrate specificity and turnover. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:4835-4836, 2000.
366	Simenov, A, M. Matsushita, E.A. Juban, E.H.Z. Thompson, T.Z. Hoffman, M.J. Taylor, P. Wirsching, W. Rettig, J.K. McCusker, D.P. Millar, P.G. Schultz, R.A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. Blue-Fluorescent Antibodies. Science, 290:307-313, 2000.
367	Wentworth, A., L.H. Jones, P. Wentworth, Jr., K.D. Janda, R.A. Lerner. Antibodies have the intrinsic capacity to destroy antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 97:10930-10935, 2000.
368	Turner, J.M., T. Bui, R.A. Lerner, C.F. Barbas, III, and B. List. An efficient benchtop system for multigram-scale kinetic resolutions using aldolase antibodies. Chem. Eur. J. 6:2772-2774, 2000.
369	Hasserodt, J., K.D. Janda and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies mimic natural oxidosqualene-cyclase action in steroid ring a formation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122:40-45, 2000.
370	Sinha, S., J. Sun, G.P. Miller, M. Wartmann and R.A. Lerner. Catalytic antibody route to the naturally occurring epothilones: total synthesis of epothilones A-F. Chem. Eur. J. 7:1691-1702, 2001.
371	Wentworth, P., L.H. Jones, A.D. Wentworth, X. Zhu, N. Larsen, I.A. Wilson, X. Xu, W.A. Goddard, III, K.D. Janda, A. Eschenmoser and R.A. Lerner. Antibodies catalyze the oxidation of water. Science, 293:1806-1811, 2001.
372	Subauste, M.C., B. List, X. Guan, K.M. Hahn, R.A. Lerner and N.B. Gilula. A catalytic antibody produces fluorescent tracers of gap junction communication in living cells. J. Biological Chemistry, 276:49164-49168, 2001.
373	Sinha, S., J.Sun, M. Wartmann and R.A. Lerner. Synthesis of epothilone analogues by antibody-catalyzed resolution of thiazole aldol synthons on a multigram scale. Biological consequences of C-13 alkylation of epothilones. Chembiochem, 2:656-665, 2001.
374	Tanaka, Fujie, L. Kerwin, D. Kubitz, R.A. Lerner and C. Barbas, III. Visualizing antibody-catalyzed retro-aldol-retro-Michael reactions. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 11: 2983-2986, 2001.
375	Schultz, P.G. and R.A. Lerner. Completing the circle. Nature, 418:485, 2002.
376	Schultz, P.G., J. Yin and R.A. Lerner. The chemistry of the antibody molecule. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41: 5001-5010, 2002.
377	Gao, C., S. Mao, G. Daufmann, P. Wirsching, R.A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. A method for the generation of combinatorial antibody libraries using pIX phage display. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99:12612-12616, 2002.
378	Jones, L.H., L.J. Altobell III, M.T. MacDonald, N.A. Boyle, P. Wentworth, Jr., R.A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. Active Immunization with a glycolipid transition state analogue protects against endotoxic shock. Angew. Chem, 41:4241-4244, 2002.
379	Wentworth, Jr., P., J.E. McDunn, A.D. Wentworth, C. Takeuchi, J. Nieva, T. Jones, C. Bautista, J. M. Ruedi, A. Gutierrez, K.D. Janda, B. Babior, A. Eschenmoser and R.A. Lerner. Evidence for antibody-catalyzed ozone formation in bacterial killing and inflammation. Science, 298:2195-2199, 2002.
380	Mayfield, S.P., S.E. Franklin and R.A. Lerner. Expression and assembly of a fully active antibody in algae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 100:438-442, 2003.
381	Wentworth, Jr., P., A.D. Wentowrth, X. Zhu, I.A. Wilson, K.D. Janda, A. Eschenmoser and R.A. Lerner. Evidence for the production of trioxygen species during antibody-catalyzed chemical modification of antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 100:1490-1493, 2003.
382	Rader, Christoph, S.C. Sinha, M. Popkov, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Chemically programmed monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy: Adaptor immunotherapy based on a covalent antibody catalyst. Submitted, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 2003.
383	Lerner, R.A. and a. Eschenmoser. Ozone in biology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100:3013-3015, 2003.
384	Wentworth, Jr., P., J. Nieva, R. Galve, C. Takeuchi, A.D. Wentworth, R.B. Dilley, G.A. DeLaria, A. Saven, B.M. Babior, K.D. Janda, A. Eschenmoser and R.A. Lerner. Evidence for Ozone Formation in Human Atherosclerotic Arteries. Science, 302:1053-1056, 2003.
385	Zhu, Xueyong, P. Wentworth, Jr., A. Wentworth, A. Eschenmoser, R.A. Lerner and I.A. Wilson. Probing the antibody-catalyzed water-oxidation pathway at atomic resolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101:2247-2252, 2004.
386	Sinha, S.C., L.-S. Li, G. P. Miller, S. Dutta, C. Rader and R.A. Lerner. Prodrugs of dynemicin analogs for selective chemotheraphy mediated by an aldolase catalytic Ab. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101:3095-3099, 2004.
387	Zhang, Qinghai, E.T. Powers, J. Nieva, M.E. Huff, M.A. Dendle, J. Bieschke, C.G. Glabe, A. Eschenmoser, P. Wentworth, Jr., R.A. Lerner and J.W. Kelly. Metabolite-initiated protein misfolding may trigger alzheimer's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA, 101:4752-4757, 2004.
388	Tanaka, F., F. Flores, D. Kubitz, R. A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Antibody-catalyzed aminolysis of a chlorophyrimidine derivative. ChemComm, 1242-1243, 2004.
389	Torres, F.E., P. Kuhn, D. De Bruyker, A.G. Bell, M.V. Wolkin, E. Peeters, J.R. Williamson, G.B. Anderson, G.P. Schmitz, M.I. Recht, S. Schweizer, L.G. Scott, J.H. Ho, S.A. Elrod, P.G. Schultz, R.A. Lerner and R.H. Bruce. Enthalpy Arrays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101:9517-9622, 2004.
390	Nyffeler, P.T., L. Eltepu, N.A. Boyle, C.-H. Wong, A. Eschenmoser, R.A. Lerner and P. Wentworth, Jr. Dihydrogen trioxide (HOOOH) is generated during the thermochemical reaction between hydrogen peroxide and ozone. Angew. Chemie. Int. Ed., Eng. 43, 4656-4659, 2004.
391	Krivacic, R.T., A. Ladanyi, D.N. Curry, H.B. Hsieh, P. Kuhn, D.E. Bergsrud, J.F. Kepros, T. Barbera, M.Y. Ho, L.B. Chen, R.A. Lerner and R.H. Bruce. A rare-cell detector for cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101:10501-10504, 2004.
392	Zhu, Xueyong, F. Tanaka, Y. Hu, A. Heine, R. Fuller, G. Zhong, A. Olson, R.A. Lerner, C.F. Barbas III and I.A. Wilson. The origin of enantioselectivity in aldolase antibodies: Crystal structure, site-directed mutagenesis and computational analysis. J. Mol. Biol. 343:1269-1280, 2004.
393	Felding-Habermann, B., R.A. Lerner, A. Lillo, S. Zhuang, M.R. Weber, S. Arrues, C. Gao, S. Mao, A. Saven and K.D. Janda. Combinatorial antibody libraries from cancer patients yield ligand-mimetic Arg-Gly-Asp-containing immunoglobulins that inhibit breast cancer metastasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101:17210-17215, 2004.
394	Haba, K., M. Popkov, M. Shamis, R.A. Lerner, D.F. Barbas III and D. Shabat. Single-triggered trimeric prodrugs. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44:716-720, 2005
395	Kaufmann, G.F., M.M. Meijler, C. Sun, D.-W. Chen, D.P. Kujawa, J.M. Mee, T.Z. Hoffman, P. Wirsching, R.A. Lerner and K.D. Janda. Enzymatic incorporation of an antibody-activated blue fluorophore into DNA. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44:2144-2148, 2005
396	Rajpal, A., N. Beyas, L. Haber, G. Cappuccilli, H. Yee, R. Bhatt, T. Takeuchi, R. A. Lerner and R. Crea. A general method for greatly improving the affinity of antibodies by using combinatorial libraries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102:8466-8471, 2005.
397	Amir, R.J., M. Popkov, R.A. Lerner, C.F. Barbas, III, and D. Shabat. Prodrug activation gated by a molecular "or" logic trigger. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 4378-4381, 2005.
398	Zhu, X., P. Wentworth, Jr., R.A. Lerner and I.A. Wilson. Cofactor-containing antibodies: crystal structure of the original yellow antibody. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:3581-3585, 2006.
399	Guo, F., S. Das, B.M. Mueller, C.F. Barbas III, R.A. Lerner and S.C. Sinha. Breaking the one antibody-one target axiom. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103:11009-11014, 2006.
400	Takeuchi, C., R. Galve, J. Nieva, D. Witter, A.D. Wentworth, R.P. Troseth, R.A. Lerner, and P. Wentworth, Jr. Proatherogenic effects of the cholesterol ozonolysis products, atheronal-A and atheronal B. Biochemistry, 45: 7162-7170, 2006.
401	Lerner, R.A. Manufacturing immunity to disease in a test tube: The magic bullet realized. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 8106-8125, 2006.
402	Abraham, S., F. Guo, L.-S. Li, C. Rader, C. Liu, R.A. Lerner and S.C. Sinha. Synthesis of the next generation therapeutic antibodies: Catalytic antibodies that combine cell targeting and prodrug activating moieties. Submitted Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2007.
403	Sinha, S.C., S. Das, L.-S. Li, R.A. Lerner and C.F. Barbas, III. Preparation of integrin α (v) β (3)-targeting Ab 38C2 constructs. Nature Protocols, 2:449-456, 2007.