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La Jolla Faculty

Asturias, Francisco studies the structures of macromolecular assemblies involved in eukaryotic gene expression and its control, such as complexes formed by RNA polymerase II and general transcription factors, using the technique of cryoelectron microscopy. 
Balch, William E. is interested in the biochemical and molecular basis for vesicular trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface, particularly in the structures, functions, and mechanisms of control exerted by small GTP-binding proteins. 

Baldwin, Kristin studies the sense of smell by genetically visualizing the neural circuits of the mouse olfactory system and uses mouse cloning and stem cell technology to investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern neural circuit formation and function throughout the nervous system. 

Baran, Phil explores new avenues for the efficient and practical construction of organic molecules, both naturally occurring and man-made, by pursuing longstanding synthetic challenges and by designing methods of broad utility.

Barbas III, Carlos designs zinc finger protein-based transcription factors for the directed regulation of gene expression and gene discovery; programs complex reaction mechanisms into antibodies and uses them to treat cancer; develops new approaches to catalytic asymmetric synthesis; and uses phage display methods to evolve antibodies with the potential to become new immunotherapeutic and gene therapeutic approaches to diseases like breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma, and AIDS. 

Beutler, Bruce searches for genes that are required for normal immune function through germline mutagenesis and positional cloning.
Blackmond, Donna focuses on mechanistic aspects of the synthesis of complex organic molecules by catalytic routes, particularly asymmetric catalysis with application in pharmaceutical processes. Her group also investigates nonlinear effects of catalyst enantiopurity in stoichiometric, catalytic and autocatalytic reactions. Another area of fundamental interest is in probing the origin of biological homochirality.

Boddy, Michael studies proteins that repair DNA and maintain the integrity of the genome and asks how these repair mechanisms are relevant to cancer and other human diseases. 

Boger, Dale works on the total synthesis of biologically active natural products using the tools of organic synthesis to identify, imitate, understand, exploit, and sometimes surpass what nature provides. 

Burton, Dennis focuses his research primarily on human antibody responses to HIV and the design of an HIV vaccine. He has also worked on the interaction of antibodies and other pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus, Ebola virus and prion proteins. 

Buxbaum, Joel utilizes genetic epidemiology, transgenic animals, cell culture, and molecular biologic techniques to study the etiology and pathogenesis of age-related human diseases of protein conformation.

Carragher, Bridget is developing, testing, and applying technology for specimen handling, automated acquisition, automated processing, and information handling in electron microscopy; one of the goals is to completely automate cryo-electron microscopy in order to solve macromolecular structures. 

Chang, Geoffrey is interested in the structural basis of the transport of substrate across the cell membrane by ion channels and transporters; he determines the structures of such integral membrane proteins through high-resolution x-ray crystallography.
Chapman, Eli uses and develops chemical and biological tools to study the mechanism of macromolecular machines involved in protein folding and unfolding both in vitro and in vivo

Chun, Jerold is interested in the study of lysophospholipid signaling in neural and systems biology, chromosomal aneuploidy in the nervous system, and disease related studies with a Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience approach. 

Cline, Hollis studies the analysis of the activity-dependent control of cell proliferation, neuronal development and circuit formation in the visual system using gene transfer, in vivo imaging and electrophysiological techniques. 

Cravatt, Benjamin studies the action and regulation of chemical messengers, particularly the fatty acid amides, which mediate physiological phenomena like pain sensation, sleep, and thermoregulation; he designs and uses chemical probes for "active site proteomics," the global analysis of protein function. 

Crossin, Kathryn focuses on understanding the signaling capabilities of various cell adhesion molecules on the cell's plasma membrane, particularly the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, and its ability to signal hippocampal neural precursor cells to become neurons rather that astroglia and to activate the transcription factor NFkB in astrocytes. 

Cunningham, Bruce studies the detailed properties of cell surface glycoproteins that play critical roles in neural development, particularly cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which bind cells together and generate signals that determine a cell's developmental destiny. 

Dawson, Philip develops novel chemical ligation methodologies for the synthesis of natural and chemically engineered proteins to develop novel peptide based vaccines for HIV-1, study the molecular basis of protein folding and enzymatic catalysis, conjugate biological macromolecules to in complex systems such as cells, viruses and Quantum Dots and to develop synthetic protein pharmaceuticals.

Deniz, Ashok develops and uses single-molecule fluorescence methods to study the dynamics and interactions of biological molecules during such processes as protein/RNA folding and assembly of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. 

Dickerson, Tobin develops biochemical technologies for predicting and treating evolving disease such as influenza, hepatitis C, and cancer, high-throughput screening paradigms for protein-ligand agonists/antagonists, combating filarial parasites, and the modulation of botulinum neurotoxin. 

Dyson, Helen Jane uses NMR to study the protein-folding process and to study the nature and behavior of unfolded and partly folded forms of proteins, including prion proteins and several newly-discovered, intrinsically unstructured proteins. 

Edelman, Gerald examines several areas related to nervous system development and neural function, including cell-cell interactions during embyronic development, the role of cell adhesion molecules in neural plasticity, the molecular genetics of connectional defects in the nervous system, and transcriptional regulation and translational control in eukaryotic cells. 

Elder, John focuses on the molecular and biological characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), which causes an AIDS-like disease in the domestic cat and is similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); his goal is to develop drug treatments and vaccines that may be employed to treat viral infections in both humans and cats. 

Fedor, Martha investigates RNA enzymes using enzymological and biochemical methods to learn how RNAs assemble into functional structures and catalyze biological transformations. 

Feeney, Ann studies the epigenetic and genetic mechanisms that control the accessibility of antibody V, D, and J genes to undergo V(D)J recombination, determining why individual V genes rearrange with very different frequencies, and determining how the generation of the antibody repertoire and B cell tolerance mechanisms are misregulated in murine models of autoimmune disease 

Felding-Habermann, Brunhilde establishes unique models of brain metastasis from circulating tumor cells of breast cancer patients and analyzes their properties in vitro and in vivo, investigates genes and functional pathways that control metastatic activity. 

Finn, M.G. uses viruses as building blocks for biologically active structures, diagnostic agents, immunogenic platforms, and drug delivery vehicles; and also develops new bioconjugation methods, enzyme inhibitors, and functional materials using "click chemistry," and studies organic and organometallic reaction mechanisms. 

Fokin, Valery develops preactical catalytic transformations for organic synthesis, combinatorial chemistry, chemical biology, and materials research; searches for novel antiviral agents, nicotinic receptor ligands, and protease inhibitors. 

Fowler, Velia studies the role of actin dynamics in regulating assembly and function of cytoskeletal structures that contribute to cell and tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development. Systems of interest include morphogenesis of epithelia, the eye lens, differentiation and stability of erythrocytes, and striated muscle development. 

Franc, Nathalie studies phagocytosis, the process by which dying cells are recognized and cleared during embryogenesis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Her long-term goal is to compare its molecular mechanisms with that of phagocytosis of pathogens, such as bacteria. 

Friedlander, Martin examines the mechanisms whereby proteins are asymmetrically integrated into cell membranes and studies the basic mechanisms of ocular angiogenesis and potential therapeutic applications for treating degenerative retinal and neovascular eye diseases. 

Friedman, Jeffrey uses mouse and cell culture models with mutations that affect resistance to oxidative stress to study how oxidants affect blood cell development, immune function, and aging.

Gascoigne, Nicholas examines molecular and genetic interactions in T cell development and activation, including the spatiotemporal analysis of signaling cascades using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and other techniques to image molecular interactions in live cells. 

Gerace, Larry seeks to understand the mechanisms for regulation of signaling and cell differentiation by components of the nuclear envelope, particularly in regard to muscle, and the machinery for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by nucleocytoplasmic transport, mRNA translation and protein turnover, with focus on HIV-1. 

Getzoff, Elizabeth aims to characterize functionally important protein conformational states by coupling crystallography, spectroscopy, molecular biology and computational analyses, and to apply that knowledge to protein and inhibitor design for key biological processes, including photoactivity, electron transfer, and enzyme catalysis. 

Ghadiri, M. Reza develops novel methods for the rational design and construction of functional and interesting bioorganic molecules, such as novel antimicrobial agents, catalytic peptides, biosensors, self-replicating systems, and molecular logic gates. 

Gottesfeld, Joel is concerned with protein-DNA interactions involved in the transcriptional regulation in animal cells and the development of small molecule inhibitors and activators of gene expression.
Griffin, John investigates how molecular players like activated protein C contribute to protection against thrombotic diseases, such as ischemic stroke or venous thrombosis, with the hope of finding new therapies that could reduce damage caused by harmful blood clots.

Gruol, Donna examines the pathways and mechanisms involved in neuronal signaling in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), developmental expression of signaling pathways, and the neuroadaptive mechanisms through which CNS disease and drugs alter neuronal signaling and viability. 

Havran, Wendy studies a unique subset of T lymphocytes, called "gamma-delta" T cells, which reside in epithelial tissues, are derived from fetal precursors, express a tissue-specific, invariant antigen receptor, and are involved in tissue repair as well as epithelial inflammatory diseases such as asthma and ulcerative colitis.

Jameson, Julie is examining the mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of skin γδ T cells in nonhealing wounds. 

Janda, Kim is focused on the interfacing of chemistry and biology to discover molecules with function.
Joazeiro, Claudio Antonio uses cell and molecular biology approaches to study the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in cellular regulation and in disease (with emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration) and translates their new discoveries into potential disease therapies using small-molecule drug screens. 

Johnson Jr., John uses a variety of cellular and molecular biology methods to develop and test atomic resolution models of particle-related events in the virus life cycle; he also uses viruses as a paradigm for developing methods to determine atomic resolution models of cellular mega-structures. 

Joyce, Gerald studies the test-tube evolution of RNA and DNA enzymes, both to explore their potential biomedical applications and to examine their possible role in the early history of life on Earth. 

Kelly, Jeffery examines the bioorganic and biophysical chemistry of aberrant conformational changes in proteins associated with misfolding diseases, seeking to develop new approaches for preventing these diseases with purposefully designed small molecules. 

Kono, Dwight is investigating the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and mercury-induced autoimmunity as well as seeking to identify new potential therapeutic targets through novel approaches; his main interest is to define both predisposing genes and genes critical for disease development. 

Kralli, Anastasia focuses on the mechanism of action of nuclear receptor coactivators that modulate transcriptional responses to small lipophilic hormones and confer specificity to hormone signaling. 

Kuhn, Peter is developing novel approaches to biophysical characterization of biological systems; applications of these approaches focus on structural proteomics and translational medicine.
Lamia, Katja uses mouse genetics, physiology and biochemistry to study the relationship between circadian rhythms and cellular and organismal metabolism, with the ultimate goal of developing novel approaches for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.

Lazzerini-Denchi, Eros focuses on the mechanisms that protect chromosome ends and their deregulation in human pathologies such as cancer and aging
Loring, Jeanne explores many aspects of stem cells, including embryonic, adult, and malignant cancer stem cells, from their basic biology to potential clinical applications in drug discovery, drug delivery, and cell therapy. 
MacRae, Ian combines structural biology, biochemistry and cell biology to understand mechanisms of gene regulation by RNA interference. 

Maximov, Anton combines genetic, biochemical, optical, and electrophysiological methods to study synapse development and function in the central nervous system.
Mayford, Mark uses genetic manipulation to investigate the molecular events involved in learning and memory.

McHeyzer-Williams, Michael G. studies the cellular and molecular regulation of antigen-specific immune memory in vivo with emphasis on the innate/adaptive interface and helper T cell regulated B cell responses to optimize vaccines. 

McKay, Dianne explores the intracellular signaling events and pathways that lead to the tolerance or rejection of transplanted organs by T cells. 

Millar, David uses single-molecule fluorescence and time-resolved laser spectroscopy to study the dynamics of enzyme-DNA interactions and the folding of catalytic RNA molecules. 

Milligan, Ronald uses cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis to study the structure and mechanism of action of large molecular machines such as actomyosin, kinesin-microtubules, MAPs-microtubles, VCP/p97 and dynein AAA ATPases, various membrane channels and transporters, and bacterial toxins. 

Milner, Richard uses a combination of mouse models and tissue culture cell–based assays to examine the role of fibronectin and endothelial fibronectin receptors in promoting cerebral angiogenesis during cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. 

Morris, Kevin is interested in understanding the mechanism of long antisense non-coding RNA mediated transcriptional regulation in human cells in order to develop small antisense non-coding RNA based approaches to regulate HIV-1 and human cancer. 

Mowen, Kerri investigates the molecular events which control T helper cell and mast cell function, specifically studying a role for the posttranslational modification of arginine methylation by isolating novel substrates, determining the effects of arginine methylation on substrate function, and creating mice deficient in the enzymes that regulate arginine methylation. 

Mueller, Ulrich focuses on the genes and the gene mutations that contribute to the pathology of Usher syndrome, other human diseases related to mechanosensory perception, and central nervous system diseases 

Nemazee, David studies "receptor editing," a novel immunological tolerance mechanism in which developing B lymphocytes that carry autoreactive cell surface antibody are stimulated to "reprogram" their immunoglobulin genes by further rounds of DNA recombination. 

Nemerow, Glen investigates the interaction of adenovirus with host cells, looking at the basic mechanisms involved in virus attachment, internalization, membrane penetration, and nuclear localization, and seeking to design novel adenoviral vectors with increased capacity to deliver therapeutic genes to specific cell types. 

Nicolaou, K.C. works on the total synthesis of biologically active natural and designed molecules and the discovery and development of new synthetic strategies and technologies. 

Noodleman, Louis uses quantum chemistry and protein electrostatics to investigate the electronic structures and active site mechanisms of redox metalloproteins, such as respiratory iron-sulfur proteins, the nitrogen fixing nitrogenase enzyme, and the iron-oxo dimer enzymes methane monooxygenase and ribonucleotide reductase. 

Oldstone, Michael studies the interaction of viruses and the immune system, how viruses persist and the resultant disease, how a non-lytic virus alters the differentiation function of the infected cell, investigates infectious protein folding disease and uses transgenic mouse models to understand human diseases. Included are molecular explorations for how viruses suppress the immune system or on the other side of the coin, induce autoimmunity. 

Ollmann Saphire, Erica combines x-ray crystallography, biochemistry, and immunology to analyse proteins that play key roles in the pathogenesis of Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers; structures of these proteins provide templates for vaccine design and enable rapid responses to newly emerging forms of the viruses.

Olson, Arthur develops and applies computational and graphical techniques to the study of biomolecular interactions, focusing on protein-protein recognition and binding in oligomer formation, antibody-antigen complexes, and protein-substrate interactions in drug design. 

Otomo, Takanori studies structure and function of proteins involved in the autophagic pathway. 

Parsons, Loren studies neurochemical mechanisms in drug dependence with the goal of characterizing neural pathologies that may be viable targets for a pharmacotherapy of addiction; particular focus is on the central serotonin and endocannabinoid systems. 

Patapoutian, Ardem studies the molecular basis of the sense of touch by using genomics, imaging, and transgenic technologies to identify and characterize ion channel proteins involved in the perception of distinct thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. 

Paulson, James studies carbohydrate recognition and the molecular biology of carbohydrate binding proteins, like CD22, which mediate key aspects of cell signaling in the immune system. 

Petrascheck, Michael studies the connection between aging and age-related disease by testing small molecules that have been found to increase lifespan in C.elegans for effects on various models of age-related disease.
Powers, Evan is interested in the energetics and mechanisms of protein folding and aggregation. 

Quigley, James uses in vivo models, directed enzyme inhibitors and specific function-blocking antibodies to identify pathways and molecules which contribute to tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. 

Rebek Jr., Julius studies basic questions of molecular recognition, self-assembly, catalysis, and complementarity by designing novel organic molecular nanocapsules and synthetic receptors. 

Reed, Steven focuses on the regulation of cell cycle progression through cyclin-dependent kinases and related proteins, particularly the role of regulated proteolysis in cell cycle control and how defects in the proteolytic machinery can promote carcinogenesis. 

Romesberg, Floyd seeks to understand and evolve novel protein function by expanding the genetic code, to understand the molecular basis of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis, and to use femtosecond laser pulses to probe protein dynamics. 

Rosen, Hugh uses chemical and biological approaches to define and manipulate the molecular gatekeepers regulating cell trafficking in the immune system, including sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors; this work defines links between innate and adaptive immunity and develops novel approaches to immunosuppression that may be therapeutically useful. 

Russell, Paul studies DNA damage response mechanisms that are relevant to the prevention and treatment of cancer; investigates how cells tolerate exposure to environmental toxins. 

Saez, Enrique is interested in two broad themes related to the regulation of energy balance in mammals.

Salomon, Daniel investigates how molecular mechanisms driving immune cell activation and tissue injury, both critical components of cell and organ transplant rejection, are regulated at the gene transcriptional and proteomic level to map molecular networks that determine clinical outcomes. 

Sauer, Karsten combines broad functional genomics approaches with traditional, hypothesis-driven research to identify and functionally characterize novel genes with important roles in lymphocyte development and function. A particular focus of the lab are signal transduction mechanisms downstream of the T cell receptor.
Schneemann, Anette studies interactions between viruses and their hosts to determine molecular and structural parameters that are required for virus particle assembly and engineers virus particles to display heterologous proteins with the goal of developing novel vaccines.

Schimmel, Paul is examining the nature, origins, and boundaries of the genetic code, probing the molecular basis of tRNA specificity and the manipulative potential of tRNAs and their enzymes as tools for developing new proteins, cellular functions, and potential therapeutics. 

Schmid, Sandra is defining the molecular mechanisms of receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involves the concentration of receptor-ligand complexes into clathrin coated pits, their internalization via coated vesicles, and the regulation of these events by GTPases and kinases. 

Schork, Nicholas focuses on the development and implementation of analysis methods for understanding the genetic determinants of complex human traits and diseases such as cancer, neuropsychiatric disease, and cardiovascular disease. These methods focus on both the design, integration, and interpretation of studies making use of contemporary high throughput genomic technologies. 

Schultz, Peter aims to combine the tools and principles of chemistry with the molecules and processes of living cells to create molecules with new properties and functions found neither in nature nor in the test tube; by studying the structure and function of the resulting molecules, new insights can be gained into the molecular mechanisms of complex biological and chemical systems. 

Sharpless, K. Barry discovers new and useful transformations for organic synthesis, particularly employing inorganic catalysts and olefin-derived compounds of high reactivity; he also applies "in situ" click chemistry, which makes enzymes into reaction vessels and templates for the formation of their own inhibitors.
Shenvi, Ryan develops chemistry to solve broad problems in complex molecule synthesis, and answers fundamental questions of organic chemistry, with an emphasis on natural products and the invention of new chemical methods.

Sherman, Linda looks at the immune system's basic strategy of discriminating between "self" and "non-self" through T lymphocytes, seeking to augment their ability to respond to certain self-antigens on tumor cells and to diminish their aberrant destruction of self-tissue in autoimmune diseases. 

Srinivasan, Supriya studies the relative contributions of genetic, behavioral and environmental influences to adaptive homeostatic properties such as energy balance; she uses C. elegans as a model system to perform large-scale screens followed by characterization of molecular, genetic and neuroendocrine networks to identify new strategies for the management of human disorders including metabolic syndrome, obesity and accelerated aging.

Stevens, Raymond uses crystallography and biochemistry to probe the structure and function of molecules involved in neurotransmission and neurochemistry, seeking to understand how neuronal cells communicate at the molecular level and to create new molecules that affect neuronal signal transduction and recognition. 

Stout, C. David determines crystal structures of a variety of biological macromolecules, primarily integral membrane associated enzymes and proton pumps, cytochrome P450s, and iron-sulfur enzymes, and including HIV protease mutants, self-assembling peptides, and RNA-protein complexes, in order to understand structure-function relationships and establish mechanism. 

Stowers, Lisa studies the ligands, neurons, and brain nuclei that initiate social behavior using molecular genetics and genomics; her work is determining the rules that generate the information coding of neuronal networks. 

Sun, Peiqing seeks to delineate the signal transduction pathways mediating cellular responses to oncogenic mutations, and to systematically search for genetic alterations that contribute to specific cancer-associated phenotypes by screening cDNA expression libraries and siRNA libraries. 

Surh, Charles studies how naive and memory T cells develop and survive under normal physiological conditions, and explores new ways of modulating T cells populations for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Tainer, John A. develops and applies advanced tools for high-impact structural biology including combined x-ray scattering in solution and x-ray crystallography on complexes at his synchrotron beamline to bridge from complexes and conformations to pathways and phenotypes by characterizing macromolecular machines, novel inhibitors, and the molecular basis for diseases and intervention strategies.

Teyton, Luc crystallizes and solves the structures of TCR/pMHC complexes in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which the ligation of the T cell receptor to its ligand, an MHC-peptide complex, activates T cells. 

Theofilopoulos, Argyrios works on the identification of predisposing and effector genes in systemic autoimmunity, as exemplified in spontaneous mouse models of lupus. Both forward (phenotype → genes) and reverse (gene → phenotype) approaches are used and several genes that promote (type I and II IFNs) or suppress (coronin 1A) this disease have thus far been identified. 

Topol, Eric studies the genome of patients who have particular medical conditions or who have been healthy beyond the 8th decade to determine variants associated with the phenotype. His research moves this information forward in medicine to provide individualization of medical care in the future. 

Torbett, Bruce studies transcriptional regulation of myeloid development and function, develops and tests novel techniques for delivering genes to cells to provide protection against HIV or cancer; he also investigates how the structural changes in HIV protease contribute to biochemical functions that confer protease inhibitor resistance.
Torkamani, Ali applies a systems biology framework to analysis and integration of numerous types of genomic data, including gene expression, mutation, and epigenetic information.

Vogt, Peter K. examines mechanisms of oncogenic transformation by transcriptional regulators like Jun, Maf, Qin, FKHR, LEF/TCF, Myc, and Max; studies growth regulatory signals of the Wnt and PI 3-kinase pathways; and screens for anticancer compounds using in vitro and cell-based assays.
Ward, Andrew studies the structure and function of membrane protein complexes using x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, and small angle x-ray scattering.

Wentworth Jr., Paul investigates the chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species, particularly of trioxygen species such as ozone, which have recently been shown to be generated by antibodies during bacterial killing and in inflammation; studies the therapeutic potential of designer biocatalysts; and designs novel protein glycoconjugates to generate new strategies for sepsis treatment. 

Whitton, J. Lindsay studies antiviral immunity mediated by the recognition of viral peptides by host cells, the basis of immunization with plasmid DNA vaccines, and the role of the immune system in viral pathogenesis during coxsackievirus infections. 

Williamson, Jamie studies the structure and dynamics of RNA molecules and RNA-protein complexes involved in the regulation of gene expression by employing NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography for solving high-resolution three-dimensional structures and examining the mechanism of assembly of multiprotein-RNA complexes. 

Wilson, Ian has broad structural biology and structural genomics programs to determine thee-dimensional structure and biological function in a number of systems related to humoral, cellular and innate immunity, human disease, drug and vaccine design, influenza virus, HIV-1 , the expanding protein universe and metagenomics.

Winzeler, Elizabeth develops new genome analysis technologies and applies them to study agents of infectious disease, such as the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum; her goal is to use genome sequence information, microarrays, and proteomics as a substitute for traditional forward and reverse genetic approaches for elucidation of gene function. 

Wiseman, R. Luke is interested in understanding the cellular and energetic factors that dictate intracellular protein folding as it relates to human disease. 

Wittenberg, Curt studies the role of cell cycle regulated transcription and proteolysis in cell cycle regulation via cyclin dependent protein kinases. 

Wolan, Dennis focuses on the identification of small molecule modulators of protein function as novel foundations for therapeutics and as tools for elucidating functional roles of enzymes in biological processes.

Wong, Chi-Huey directs his research towards the development of new chemical-enzymatic strategies for the synthesis of biologically active compounds and chiral intermediates; the design and synthesis of mechanism-based inhibitors of enzymes or receptors; the study of carbohydrate-based biological recognition and its intervention; and the investigation of reaction mechanisms. 

Wright, Peter uses high-resolution, multi-dimensional, hetero-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study protein dynamics, folding, and recognition, particularly of structures of protein-DNA and protein-protein complexes involved in the regulation of transcription. 

Wu, Xiaohua studies the molecular mechanisms that regulate DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control in mammalian cells with an emphasis on how these activities contribute to the maintenance of genome stability and the prevention of cancer. 

Wuthrich, Kurt develops advanced techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and applies them in protein structural biology and structural genomics projects. 

Xiao, Changchun studies the functions of microRNA control and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the mammalian immune system, under health and disease conditions. 

Yates III, John develops and applies proteomics tools for analyzing extremely complex protein mixtures, studying host-pathogen interactions in diseases such as malaria, and finding post-translational modifications to the proteins within these same complex mixtures. 

Yu, Jin-Quan discovers regioselective and enantioselective reactions based on C-H activations and applies these reactions to drug discovery and natural product synthesis. 

Zwick, Michael dissects the molecular requirements of neutralization of HIV by antibodies, particularly those against the envelope glycoprotein, gp41; develops strategies for selecting HIV neutralizing antibodies and HIV envelope glycoprotein variants, to inform vaccine design.